Ò¯^cœ cÖK‡íÓ MÖvgxY miKvwi AeKvVv‡gv iÿYv‡eÿ‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ
gwnjvKgx©‡`i Rb¨ cÖYxZ-

nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvjb
cÖwkÿY gwWDj
†gqv`Kvj: 6 w`b
GB gwWDj cÖYq‡b:
1. evwowfwËK nuvm, ivRnuvm, QvMj I †fov cvjb welqK cÖwk¶Y gwWDj, Ôevsjv‡`‡k N~wY©So AvBjv `yMZ
© GjvKvq
Riæix mvov I `ªæZ cybiæ×viÕ cÖKí Ges
2. ÿz`ª e¨emv e¨e¯’vcbv I Dbœqb cÖwkÿY gwWDj, †÷ªs‡`wbs DB‡gbm& GwewjwU di †cÖvWvw±f wbD AciPzwbwUm& (¯^c)œ
cÖK‡íi cÖwkÿY gwWDj mg~‡ni mnvqZv †bqv n‡q‡Q|

cÖ¯‘ZKiY t

¯^cœ
¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM
¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq

mn‡hvwMZvq t
¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM
BDGbwWwc evsjv‡`k I gvwi‡Kv evsjv‡`k

f~wgKv
†÷ªs‡`wbs DB‡gbm& GwewjwU di †cÖvWvw±f wbD AciPzwbwUm& (¯^cœ) cÖKíwU MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi Gi ¯’vbxq miKvi
wefvM evsjv‡`‡ki mvgwqK Lv`¨ NvUwZ cÖeY, `vwi`ª¨ cxwoZ Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ SyuwKc~Y© GjvKv KzwoMÖvg I
mvZÿxiv GjvKvi 124wU BDwbq‡b †gvU 4464 Rb gwnjv DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i Rb¨ ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q| BDGbwWwc cÖKíwU
ev¯Íevq‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Q| ¯^cœ cÖK‡íi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q mgwš^Z mvgwóK A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AR©‡bi gva‡g
A_©‡bwZK Dbœq‡bi my‡hvM¸‡jv MÖvgxY nZ-`wi`ª bvix I Amnvq Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv Ges Zv‡`i‡K AvKw¯§K
wec`vcbœZv †_‡K myiÿv I †UKmB RxweKv wbev©‡n mnvqZv Kiv|
¯^cœ cÖK‡íi gwnjv DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i `ÿ Rbkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ BDGbwWwc evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii KvwiMwi,
e„wËg~jK wkÿv I cÖwkÿY (TVET) Gi Dci we‡klfv‡e †Rvi w`‡”Q| G †cÖwÿ‡Z AvBGjI Gi Kgy¨wbwU †eRW& †Uªwbs di
iæivj BK‡bvwgK GgcvIqvi‡g›U (CB-TREE) c×wZ Abymi‡Y evRvi Pvwn`v I ¯^‡cœi DcKvi‡fvMxi cÖwkÿY Pvwn`v
wbiæc‡bi gva¨‡g DcKvi‡fvMxi `ÿZv Dbœqb I Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói j‡ÿ¨ Zv‡`i RxebhvÎvi gvb-Dbœq‡b Kvh©Kix
f~wgKv ivL‡e|
G D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L ¯^cœ cÖKí wewfbœ KvwiMwi e„wËg~jK cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i †UKmB RxebhvÎvi
Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g cvwievwiK I mvgvwRKfv‡e cÖwZwôZ Kivi cÖqvm Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q|
¯^cœ cÖKí DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i cvwievwiK ch©v‡q ÿz`ª AvKv‡i Ges ch©vqµ‡g gvSvwi I eo AvKv‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi Lvgvi cÖwZôvi
gva¨‡g Zv‡`i m¤ú„³ K‡i AvZ¥wbf©ikxj K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ Miæ, QvMj Ges †fov cvjb welqK cÖwkÿY gwWDj cÖ¯ÍyZ
K‡i‡Q| GB cÖwkÿY gwWDjwU cÖYqbKv‡j DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i AwfÁZv, `ÿZv, wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv, aviY-ÿgZv Ges
Avek¨KZv we‡ePbvq †i‡L 6 w`‡bi G gwWDjwU cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q|
G gwWDjwU P~ovšÍKi‡Y A‡bK¸‡jv avc AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q :
cÖ_gZt †Rjv ch©v‡qi ¯’vbxq miKvwi I †emiKvwi ms¯’vmg~‡ni welqwfwËK we‡klÁ I ¯^cœ cÖK‡íi Kg©KZ©ve„‡›`i AskMÖn‡Y
Lmov gwWDj ˆZwi Kiv nq| gwWDjwU ¯^cœ cÖK‡íi 1g P‡µi GB †Uª‡Wi `ÿZv Dbœqb cÖwkÿ‡b wdì †Uó wnmv‡e
e¨eüZ nq Ges cÖvß wdWe¨K¸‡jv gwWDjmg~‡n ms‡hvRb Kiv nq|
wØZxqZt gwWDjwU hvPvB I P~ovšÍKi‡Y †Rjv ch©v‡q MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÖvYx m¤ú` Awa`ßi, grm¨ Awa`ßi,
hye Dbœqb Awa`ßi, gwnjv welqK Awa`ßi, K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ßi Gi Kg©KZ©v e„›` Ges wewfbœ Dbœqb ms¯’v †hgb : †Kqvi
evsjv‡`k, AFAD, mykxjb, BGmwWI, eª¨vK, AviwWAviGm evsjv‡`k, SIYB Founda�on of Bangladesh mg~‡ni
welqwfwËK we‡klÁ‡`i mnvqZv †bqv n‡q‡Q| G QvovI ¯’vbxq mdj e¨emvqxi mywPwšÍZ gZvg‡Zi Rb¨ `ywU hvPvB KiY Kg©kvjv
(Valida�on Workshop) Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i gZvgZ¸‡jv gwWD‡j ms‡hRb Kiv nq |
Z…ZxqZt Lmov gwWDj¸‡jv P~ovšÍKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ ¯^cœ cÖK‡íi XvKv Awd‡m Abyiƒc Av‡iv 1wU hvPvB KiY Kg©kvjv
(Valida�on Workshop) Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| Kg©kvjvq Dcw¯’Z mKj ch©v‡qi we‡klÁMY Zv‡`i gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ges
cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸‡jv ms‡hvRb I we‡qvRb K‡i P‚ovšÍ K‡ib| †h mKj miKvwi I †emiKvwi ms¯’vi Kg©KZ©ve„›` wewfbœ
ch©v‡q Dcw¯’Z †_‡K g~j¨evb mgq I †gav w`‡q gwWDj¸‡jv P~ovšÍKi‡Y mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb Zvu‡`i cÖwZ Avgiv
AvšÍwiKfv‡e K…ZÁ| gwWDj¸‡jvi mwVK evbvb wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ Avgiv cÖæd wiWvi Rbve g`b P›`, cÖMwZ †cÖm
iscyi †K Avgv‡`i K…ZÁZv RvbvB|
G gwWDjwU AcwieZ©bxq bq, GwU GKRb cÖwkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU MvBW gvÎ| †mk‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Ges cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i Pvwn`v
Abyhvqx cÖwkÿK †h †Kvb ai‡bi cwieZ©b, cwiea©b, ms‡hvRb Ges we‡qvRb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Avkv Kiv hvq G gwWDjwU Abymi‡Y GKRb cÖwkÿK h_vm¤¢e ¯’vbxqfv‡e mnRjf¨ DcKiY e¨envi K‡i, `ÿZvi mv‡_
Ônuvm-gyiMx I KeyZi cvjbÕ welqK gvbm¤úbœ cÖwkÿY I mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g m¤¢vebvgq D‡`¨v³v‡`i aviYv,
`„wófw½, Ávb I `ÿZvi weKvk NUv‡Z we‡kl f~wgKv ivL‡eb|

01

cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨
cÖwkÿ‡Yi mvwe©K D‡Ïk¨
MÖvgxY ch©v‡q `vwi`ª¨cxwoZ, AwaKvi ewÂZ bvix‡`i AvZ¥ wRÁvmv I Av‡Z¥vcjwä m„wói gva¨‡g Miæ, QvMj I †fov cvj‡bi
ga¨ w`‡q Zv‡`i AvZ¥wbf©ikxj I GKRb mdj D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv| Gi d‡j ¯’vwqZ¡kxj Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv
cvwievwiK I mvgvwRKfv‡e wb‡R‡`i cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖwkÿ‡Yi mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨mg~n :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
mwVK cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
nuvm-gyiwMi I KeyZ‡ii RvZ I Zvi ˆewkó¨ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
nuvm-gyiwMi I KeyZ‡ii evm¯’vb wbg©vY †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
nuvm-gyiwMi I KeyZ‡ii Lv`¨ZvwjKv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Ges Av`k© Lv`¨ cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
nuvm-gyiwMi I KeyZ‡ii †ivMevjvB I Zvi cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
nuvm-gyiwMi I KeyZ‡ii wewfbœ †iv‡Mi wUKvi e¨envi m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
nuvm-gyiwMi I KeyZi n‡Z AwaK ev”Pv Drcv`b I gvsm e„w×i †KŠkj wkL‡Z cvi‡eb;
nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡bi m¤¢ve¨ ev‡RU ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡b Avq-e¨q I jvf-ÿwZi wnmve Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡b e¨emvwqK cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖwkÿY c×wZmg~n
cÖwkÿY c×wZi g~j wfwË n‡e eq¯‹ wkÿv c×wZi AbymiY hv wbf©i Ki‡e wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jvi Ici
• e³…Zv, cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv
• `jxq Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcb
• gy³ wPšÍvi So
• gy³ Av‡jvPbv
• AwfÁZv wewbgq
• mdj Lvgvwi‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv I Lvgvi cwi`k©b
• Abykxjb

02

cÖwkÿY DcKiY
• †nvqvBU †evW©/eøvK †evW©
• gvK©vi †cb/PK Wv÷vi
• †cv÷vi †ccvi/wd¬cPvU©
• LvZv Kjg
• Qwe/†cv÷vi (nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi)
• bgybv DcKiY
• gvmwKb †Uc/WK wK¬c
• KuvwP
• ev¯Íe DcKiY (†`wk gyiwM, †mvbvwj gyiwM, nuvm, KeyZi, wWg, Lv`¨ I f¨vKwmb)
cÖwkÿY cwi‡ek
• †Kvjvnjgy³ cÖwk¶Y K¶
• Avmb web¨vm BD AvK…wZi
• cÖwkÿY K‡ÿ †Kv‡bv ev”Pv bv wb‡q Avmv
• wbivc` cvwbi e¨e¯’v ivLv
• cwi”Qbœ Uq‡j‡Ui e¨e¯’v ivLv
g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv
• c~e© - g~j¨vqb
• cÖwZwU †mk‡bi ci cÖkœ-DËi, cÖwZevZ©v MÖnY
• Lvgvi cwi`k©‡b wM‡q nv‡Z-Kj‡g mswkøó wel‡q AwfÁZv AR©b
• †Kvm© †k‡l cÖwkÿY †Kvm© g~j¨vqb I cÖwkÿYv_x©‡`i cvidig¨vÝ †U÷
cÖwk¶‡Ki †hvM¨Zv
• mswkøó wel‡q AwfÁ Ges cÖwk¶YcÖvß n‡eb|
• eq¯‹‡`i cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvq AwfÁZv m¤cbœ n‡eb|
• AskMÖnYg~jK cÖwkÿY c×wZ cwiPvjbvi AwfÁZv m¤úbœ n‡eb|

03

cÖwk¶Y gwWDj e¨env‡ii wbqgvejx
`¶Zv Dbœqb cÖwk¶‡Yi welq¸‡jv AskMÖnYg~jK I Rxeb Nwbô Av‡jvPbvi gva‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q †evaMg¨ I
e¯Íwy bô K‡i †Zvjv cÖwkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU P¨v‡jÄ| GB P¨v‡jćK †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ cÖwkÿK wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv AbymiY Ki‡j
mdjfv‡e cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©wU †kl Ki‡Z cvi‡eb:
•

gwWDjwUi cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ cÖwZwU welq g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡o wbb; Zvn‡j cÖwk¶Y PjvKvjxb
Avcbvi `vwqZ¡¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e cvjb Kiv mnR n‡e|

•

welqwfwËK Av‡jvPbvi †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRb I Kvh©KvwiZv we‡ePbvq †i‡L †mk‡bi mgq evov‡Z ev Kgv‡Z
cv‡ib| Z‡e Zv cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨i m‡½ msMwZc~Y© n‡Z n‡e |

•

Av‡jvPbvi ïiæ‡Z †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †h cÖwk¶Y cwi‡ekwU †hb AbvbyôvwbK I AskMÖnYg~jK
(informal & par�cipatory) nq, hv‡Z cÖwk¶Y cÖwµqv AbymiY Kiv mnR nq|

•

AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ˆ`wbK Dcw¯’wZ dg© G ¯^v¶i wbb| G‡Z K‡i AskMÖnYKvixMY mgqgZ †mk‡b Dcw¯’Z
_vKvi ZvwM` Abyfe Ki‡eb|

•

cÖwkÿ‡Y ZvwË¡K wel‡qi †_‡K e¨envwiK welq I Abykxj‡bi cÖwZ †ewk g‡bv‡hvM w`b|

•

cÖwk¶‡Y e¨envh© cÖwk¶Y mvgMªx Av‡M †_‡K nv‡Zi Kv‡Q msMÖn I cÖ¯‘Z K‡i ivLyb|

•

cÖwk¶Y cwiPvjbvi mgq g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i †mk‡bi cÖwZwU avc µgvbymv‡i cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î
Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi KvwiMwi I Z_¨MZ w`K m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv aviYv I cÖ¯‘wZ ivLv Acwinvh©|

•

AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖwZ mnbkxj I ˆah©kxj _vK‡eb|

•

†mkb cwiPvjbvi mgq †mkb cwiKíbv Abyhvqx, cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY I miÄvg e¨envi Kiæb| cÖwZwU
wkLb welq evievi PP©v ev Abykxjb Kivb|

•

AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖvYešÍÍ I ¯^Ztù~Z© ivLvi Rb¨ gv‡S gv‡S †QvULv‡Uv we‡bv`‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwkÿKB cÖ_‡g D‡`¨vM wb‡Z cv‡ib|

•

†UKwbK¨vj Uvg©¸‡jv mnR fvlvq ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b evsjvq Uvg©¸‡jv wj‡L w`b hv‡Z Zviv g‡b ivL‡Z
cv‡i, GRb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AvÂwjK fvlvq cÖwk¶Y cwiPvjbv Kiæb|

•

Ônuvm, gyiMx I KeyZi cvjbÕ welqK cÖwk¶‡Y welqwfwËK Av‡jvPbvq we‡kl †Rvi w`b Ges Av‡jvPbvi
cvkvcvwk evi evi Abykxjb Kivb, hv‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡`i `¶Zv m‡šÍvlRbK ch©v‡q DbœxZ nq|

04

cÖwkÿY m~wP
mgqKvj : 06 w`b
†mkb mgq : cÖwZw`b mKvj 9 Uv - we‡Kj 5 Uv

w`b

1g w`b

†mkb bs

welq

01

cÖwk¶Y †Kvm© D‡Øvab, RoZv gy³ I cwiPq ce©, cÖwkÿY c~e©-g~j¨vqb,
cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨, cÖwkÿ‡Yi bxwZgvjv ‰Zwi Ges cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i
Pvwn`v wbiƒcY

02

03

†mkb bs

04
05
2q w`b

05

c„ôv bs

1 NÈv
30 wgwbU

09

weiwZ
nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, gyiwMi RvZ cwiwPwZ I
wbe©vPb
wWg I gvs‡mi DcKvwiZv, gyiwMi evm¯’vb I Av‡jvK e¨e¯’vcbv
ga¨vý‡fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZ

30 wgwbU

gyiwMi Lvevi e¨e¯’vcbv, ¸YMZgvb, eqm I IRb‡f‡` mylg Lv`¨ cÖ`vb

2 NÈv
30 wgwbU

my¯’ gyiwMi j¶Y, gyiwM cvj‡bi mgm¨v
weiwZ
w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
w`b

mgq

welq
MZ w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
gyiwMi cÖRbb e¨e¯’v, ¯^í Li‡P wWg cvov gyiwM cvjb I wWg †_‡K ev”Pv
dzUv‡bv Ges ev”Pv cÖwZcvjb (n¨vwPs I eªæwWs e¨e¯’vcbv)
weiwZ
gyiwMi cÖavb cÖavb †ivM I jÿY, †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv, cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v I
wUKv`vb
ga¨vý‡fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZ
wWg cvov gyiwM cvj‡bi e¨emvwqK cwiKíbv
wUKv cÖ`v‡bi e¨envwiK cÖwkÿY
weiwZ
w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv

2 NÈv

10

1 NÈv
11

15 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
mgq
30 wgwbU
1 NÈv
30 wgwbU
30 wgwbU
1 NÈv
30 wgwbU
1 NÈv
1 NÈv
30 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
15 wgwbU

c„ôv bs
12

13

w`b

3q
w`b

w`b

mgq
30 wgwbU
1 NÈv
30 wgwbU
30 wgwbU
1 NÈv
30 wgwbU
1 NÈv

c„ôv bs

nuvm cvj‡b m¤¢ve¨ ev‡R‡Ui jvf-ÿwZi wnmve

2 NÈv
30 wgwbU

17

weiwZ
w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv

15 wgbU
15 wgwbU

†mkb bs
welq
c~ew© `‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
06
nuv‡mi RvZ cwiwPwZ, wWg cvov I gvsm Drcv`b Dc‡hvMx nuv‡mi RvZ
wbe©vPb
weiwZ
07
nuvm cvjb c×wZ, nuv‡mi evm¯’vb Ges Lv`¨ e¨e¯’vcbv

08

†mkb bs

09

10
11
4_© w`b
12
13

ga¨vý‡fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZ
nuv‡mi cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY, cÖwZ‡kvaK wUKv I wPwKrmv

welq

15
16

c„ôv bs

MZ w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
KeyZi cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Ges KeyZ‡ii RvZ cwiwPwZ, wWgcvov I gvsm
Drcv`b Dc‡hvMx KeyZ‡ii RvZ wbe©vPb
weiwZ

mgq
30 wgwbU
1 NÈv
30 wgwbU
30 wgwbU

KeyZi cvjb c×wZ, KeyZ‡ii evm¯’vb Ges Lv`¨ e¨e¯’vcbv

1 NÈv

19

ga¨vý †fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZ
KeyZ‡ii cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY, cÖwZ‡kvaK wUKv I wPwKrmv, KeyZi
cvj‡bi e¨emvwqK m¤¢vebv
UvwK© cvjb c×wZ, Lv`¨ e¨e¯’vcbv, evm¯’vb Ges †ivMe¨vwa Ges e¨emv
m¤¢vebv
weiwZ
gvV cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ `j MVb Ges cwi`k©b bxwZgvjv cÖYqb
w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv

1 NÈv

18

1 NÈv

20

1 NÈv

21

15 wgwbU
1 NÈv

22

06

w`b

5g
w`b

w`b

6ô
w`b

†mkb bs

mgq

c„ôv bs

4 NÈv

23

23

weiwZ

1 NÈv
2 NÈv
15 wgwbU

w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv

15 wgwbU

23

mgq
1 N›Uv
1 N›Uv
30wgwbU
30 wgwbU
1 N›Uv

c„ôv bs
24

14

cwiKíbv Abyhvqx gvV cwi`k©b

15

gvVch©v‡qi ev¯Íe AwfÁZv AR©b
ga¨vý‡fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZ

16

gv‡Vi AwfÁZv Dc¯’vcb

†mkb bs
welq
17
MZ 5 w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
cwiKíbv wK, cwiKíbvi we‡eP¨ welqmg~n, cwiKíbvi QK,
18
cwiKíbv ˆZwi I Dc¯’vcb
weiwZ
19
cÖwkÿY wkLb ch©v‡jvPbv

20

07

welq

ga¨vý‡fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZ

1 N›Uv

cvidig¨vÝ †U÷, cÖwkÿY †Kvm© g~j¨vqb Ges mgvwß †mkb

3 N›Uv

24
24
24

†mkb cwiKíbvmg~n

1g w`b
†mkb- 01
welq : cÖwkÿY †Kvm© D‡Øvab, RoZvgy³ I cwiPq ce©, cÖwkÿY c~e©-g~j¨vqb, cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨, cÖwkÿ‡Yi wbqgvewj
‰Zwi Ges cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i Pvwn`v wbiƒcY
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ : †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡q RoZvgy³ n‡eb;
 cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ I ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 cÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb|
mgq : 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : †evW©, gvK©vi, †cv÷vi, cÖwkÿY gwWDj
cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

c×wZ

avc-1
•

†mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡`i ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq
Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb|

• cwiPq ce© - cwiPq Rvbvi mgq †h welq¸‡jv Rvb‡eb, Zv n‡jv bvg,
†ckv, cwiev‡i M„ncvwjZ cïi msL¨v BZ¨vw`|

• Dcw¯’Z BDwbqb cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb, †g¤^vi, ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ ev
mswkøó `߇ii Kg©KZv© g‡nv`q †K cÖwkÿY †Kvm© D‡Øvab Kivi Rb¨
AvnŸvb Kiæb|

•

cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|

•

AskMÖnbKvix‡`i gZvgZ wb‡q AvMvgx w`b¸‡jv‡Z cÖwkÿY PjvKvjxb
wK wK wbqg †g‡b cÖwkÿ‡Y AskMÖnY Ki‡eb Zv wVK Kiæb|

•

cªwkÿY c~e-© g~j¨vqb wm‡Ui gva¨‡g AskMÖnbKvix‡`i avibv hvPvB Kiæb|

•

AskMÖnbKvix‡`i cÖkœ K‡i Rvbyb †h Zviv GB cÖwkÿY †_‡K wK wK wel‡q
Rvb‡Z Pvq|

•

AskMÖnbKvix‡`i Pvwn`vi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L cÖwkÿY Kg©mw~ P Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

09

Dc¯’vcb,
cÖ‡kœvËi,
Av‡jvPbv

1g w`b
†mkb-02
welq : nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, gyiwM RvZ cwiwPwZ I wbe©vPb Ges wWg I gvs‡mi DcKvwiZv,
gyiwMi evm¯’vb I Av‡jvK e¨e¯’vcbv
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, gyiwM RvZ cwiwPwZ I wbe©vPb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb;
 wWg I gvs‡mi DcKvwiZv, gyiwMi evm¯’vb I Av‡jvK e¨e¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 2 NÈv
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb †ccvi, gvK©vi †cb|
cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
avc-01
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K cÖkœ K‡i Zv‡`i GjvKvq Pjgvb nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvjb m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Kiæb
• nuvm, gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡bi Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek Ges m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ
Rvbyb Ges nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡bi DcKvwiZv wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖkœ K‡i Zv‡`i GjvKvq Pjgvb nuvm, gyiwM I KeyZi cvjb
mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ Rvbyb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b g~j welq¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|
• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx gyiwM cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡, gyiwMi Rv‡Zi cwiPq I wbe©vPb
†KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
avc-02
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g gyiwMi wewfbœ RvZ I ˆewkó¨, evm¯’vb m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i
aviYv hvPvB Kiæb| G †¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœmg~n GjvKvq wK Rv‡Zi gyiwM cvjb Kiv nq?
 †h gyiwM cvjb Kwi Zv †_‡K wK jvf nq?
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡bi AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb `yÕGKR‡bi
KvQ †_‡K gyiwMi wewfbœ RvZ I Zv jvjb-cvj‡bi myweav-Amyweav m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î
m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœmg~n mvaviYZ †Kvb Rv‡Zi gyiwM cvjb †ewk jvfRbK?
 wKfv‡e Avgiv gyiwM cvjb Kie?
 mvaviYZ nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZ‡ii Ni †Kgb nq Ges Zv wK w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv nq?
 GKwU nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZ‡ii Rb¨ N‡ii wfZi wK cwigvY RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb nq?
 wKfv‡e Avgiv nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvjb Kwi?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx gyiwM cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡, gyiwMi Rv‡Zi cwiPq
I wbe©vPb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

c×wZ
AwfÁZv
wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb,
†cv÷vi
cÖ`k©b,
Av‡jvPbv

AwfÁZv
wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb,
†cv÷vi
cÖ`k©b,
mdj †Km
÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

10

1g w`b
†mkb- 03
welq : gyiwMi Lvevi e¨e¯’vcbv, ¸bMZgvb eqm I IRb‡f‡` mylg Lv`¨ cÖ`vb
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 gyiwMi Lvevi e¨e¯’vcbv, ¸YMZgvb m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 eqm I IRb‡f‡` mylg Lv`¨, my¯’ gyiwMi j¶Y¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 gyiwM cvj‡bi mgm¨v m¤c‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 `vbv`vi Lvevi wK wK Ges Gi cwigvY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb‡ccvi, gvK©vi †cb|
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
avc -01
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g gyiwMi Lvevi e¨e¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB
Kiæb| G †¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœmg~n nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡bi Rb¨ wK ai‡bi Lvevi †`qv nq?
 †Kvb †Kvb Lv‡`¨ cywógvb †ewk _v‡K?
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ nuvm/gyiwM I KeyZi cvj‡bi AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb
`yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZ‡ii Lvevi cÖ`vb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î
m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœmg~n nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi mvaviYZ wK ai‡bi Lvevi †L‡Z cQ›` K‡i?
 GjvKvq wK ai‡bi Lvevi cvIqv hvq?
 `vbv`vi RvZxq Lvevi wK wK?
 gyiwM cvj‡b wK wK mgm¨v Av‡Q Ges Zv mgvav‡bi m¤¢ve¨ Dcvq wK?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx gyiwMi Lvevi e¨e¯’vcbvi †KŠkj
m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
• AvMvgxKvj †mkb G cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix Zv‡`i mvg_©¨ g‡Zv `vbv`vi RvZxq
Lvev‡ii bgybv msMÖn K‡i Avb‡Z ejyb hv ev¯Íe AwfÁZvi Rb¨ cÖ`k©b I nv‡Z-Kj‡g
†`Lv‡bv n‡e|
• w`‡bi wkÿYxq welq mg~n cybiv‡jvPbv Kiæb Ges †mkb †kl Kiæb|

11

c×wZ
AwfÁZv wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi, Dc¯’vcb,
†cv÷vi cÖ`k©b,
mdj †Km ÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

`vbv`vi RvZxq
Lv‡`¨i bgybv
cÖ`k©b|

2q w`b
†mkb- 04
welq : gyiwMi cÖRbb e¨e¯’v, ¯^í Li‡P wWg cvov gyiwM cvjb I wWg †_‡K ev”Pv dzUv‡bv Ges ev”Pv cÖwZcvjb
(n¨vwPs I eªæwWs e¨e¯’vcbv)
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 ¯^í Li‡P wWg cvov gyiwM cvjb I wWg †_‡K ev”Pv dzUv‡bv I e¨emvwqK DcKvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 gyiwMi cÖRbb e¨e¯’v I cwiPh©v m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb‡ccvi, gvK©vi †cb|
cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
avc -01
• †mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡`i ¯^vMZ Rvbvb|
• Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi
MZ w`‡bi welq wb‡q cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
• AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|
avc -02
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g gyiwMi cÖRbb e¨e¯’v I cwiPh©v m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i
aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ gyiwMi cÖRbb e¨e¯’v I cwiPh©v wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q
Ggb `yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K gyiwMi mvaviYZ wK wK †ivM nq Ges Zvi KviY
m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœÑ
 gyiwM mvaviYZ eQ‡i KZ¸‡jv wWg cv‡o Ges KZ¸‡jv ev”Pv †`q?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx gyiwMi cÖRbb e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i
aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

c×wZ
Dc¯’vcb
cÖ‡kœvËi

AwfÁZv wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi, Dc¯’vcb,
†cv÷vi cÖ`k©b,
mdj †Km ÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

avc -03
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g ¯^í Li‡P wWg cvov gyiwM cvjb I wWg †_‡K ev”Pv dzUv‡bv
m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ wWg cvov gyiwM cvjb I wWg †_‡K ev”Pv dzUv‡bv wel‡q
AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb `yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœÑ
 ¯^í Li‡P wWg †_‡K gyiwM cvj‡b Avgv‡`i we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv wK wK?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx ¯^í Li‡P wWg cvov gyiwM cvjb I
wWg †_‡K ev”Pv dzUv‡bv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

12

2q w`b
†mkb- 05
welq : gyiMxi cÖavb cÖavb †ivM I jÿY, †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv, cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v I wUKv`vb, wWg cvov gyiwM cvj‡bi e¨emvwqK
cwiKíbv
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 gyiwMi cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 gyiwMi †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv, cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v I wUKv`vb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wUKv `vb nv‡Z Kj‡g PP©v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 gyiwM cvj‡b e¨emvwqK jvf-ÿwZi wnmve Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 3 NÈv
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb‡ccvi, gvK©vi †cb|
cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
avc 01
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g gyiwMi †ivMe¨vwa m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ gyiwMi †ivMe¨vwa wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb
`yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K gyiwMi mvaviYZ wK wK †ivM nq Ges Zvi KviY m¤ú‡K©
Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœmg~nÑ
 gyiwMi mvaviYZ wK ai‡bi †ivM nq?
 Gme †iv‡Mi KviY wK wK n‡Z cv‡i?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx gyiwMi cÖavb cÖavb †ivM, †iv‡Mi
KviY, jÿY m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
avc 02
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g gyiwMi †iv‡Mi jÿY m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB
Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ gyiwMi †ivM-e¨vwai wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb
`yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K gyiwMi mvaviYZ wK wK †ivM nq Ges Zvi jÿY m¤ú‡K©
Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœmg~nÑ
 gyiwMi mvaviYZ wK wK †ivM nq?
 gyiwM †ivMvµvšÍ n‡j mvaviYZ wK wK jÿY †`Lv hvq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx gyiwMi cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY
m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

13

c×wZ

AwfÁZv wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb, †cv÷vi
cÖ`k©b, wfwWI
cÖ`k©b,
mdj †Km ÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

avc 03
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g gyiwMi †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv, cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v I wUKv`vb m¤ú‡K©
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ gyiwMi †ivMe¨vwai wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb
`yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv, cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v I wUKv`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb|
G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœmg~nÑ
 gyiwM †ivMvµvšÍ n‡j mvaviYZ wK ai‡bi wPwKrmv †`qv nq?
 Kviv gyiwMi wUKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib?
 gyiwMi †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a wK ai‡bi e¨e¯’v †bqv nq Ges wK wK wUKv cÖ`vb
Kiv nq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx gyiwMi cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY
m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb| Ges wKfv‡e wUKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq Zv
W¨vwg †Kv‡bv e¯‘ Dci cÖ‡qvM K‡i †`Lvb Ges PP©v Kivb|
• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx 100wU gyiwM cvj‡bi m¤¢ve¨ ev‡RUmn e¨emvi
jvf-ÿwZi wnmve m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
• Gevi w`‡bi †mk‡bi wkÿYxq wel‡qi cybiv‡jvPbv K‡i †mkb †kl Kiæb|

cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb PP©v,
mdj †Km
÷vwWi Av‡jvPbv

14

3q w`b
†mkb- 06

welq : nuv‡mi RvZ cwiwPwZ, wWg cvov I gvsm Drcv`b Dc‡hvMx nuv‡mi RvZ wbe©vPb
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 nuvm cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
 nuv‡mi RvZ cwiwPwZ I RvZ wbe©vPb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb‡ccvi, gvK©vi †cb|
cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
avc -01
• †mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡`i ¯^vMZ Rvbvb|
• cÖwkÿ‡Yi MZ w`‡bi welq wb‡q cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
• Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki
wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|
avc -02
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g nuvm cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K©
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx nuvm cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
avc -03
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g nuv‡mi RvZ m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ nuv‡mi RvZ wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb `yÕGKR‡bi KvQ
†_‡K nuv‡mi mvaviYZ wK wK RvZ nq G m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœ Ñ
 Avcbvi GjvKvq wK wK Rv‡Zi nuvm cvjb Kiv nq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx nuv‡mi cÖavb cÖavb RvZ m¤ú‡K©
Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

15

c×wZ
Dc¯’vcb,
cÖ‡kœvËi

AwfÁZv wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb,
†cv÷vi cÖ`k©b,
mdj †Km ÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

3q w`b
†mkb- 07

welq : nuvm cvjb c×wZ, nuv‡mi evm¯’vb I Lvevi e¨e¯’vcbv
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 nuvm cvjb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 nuvm cvj‡bi evm¯’vb I Lvevimg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU
cÖwkÿY DcKiY t cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb‡ccvi, gvK©vi †cb|
cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
avc -01
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g nuvm cvjb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB
Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ nuvm cvj‡b AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb `yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K
nuvm cvjb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœÑ
 Avgv‡`i †`‡k †Kvb †Kvb c×wZ‡Z nuvm cvjb Kiv nq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx nuvm cvjb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i
aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
avc -02
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g nuv‡mi evm¯’vb I Lvevi m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB
Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ nuv‡mi evm¯’vb I Lvevi wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb
`yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K nuv‡mi evm¯’vb I Lvevi m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨
cÖkœmg~nÑ
 nuv‡mi Lvevi wK?
 nuvm ivLvi Ni †Kgb nq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx nuv‡mi evm¯’vb I Lvevi m¤ú‡K©
Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

c×wZ

AwfÁZv wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb,
†cv÷vi cÖ`k©b,
mdj †Km ÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

16

3q w`b
†mkb-08

welq : nuv‡mi cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY, cÖwZ‡laK wUKv I wPwKrmv Ges nuvm cvj‡b m¤¢ve¨ ev‡R‡Ui jvf-ÿwZi wnmve
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 nuv‡mi cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY, cÖwZ‡laK wUKv I wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 nuvm cvj‡b m¤¢ve¨ ev‡R‡Ui jvf-ÿwZi wnmve Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb‡ccvi, gvK©vi †cb|
cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
avc -01
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g nuv‡mi †ivMe¨vwa m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB
Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ nuv‡mi †ivMe¨vwa wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb
`yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K nuv‡mi mvaviYZ wK wK †ivM nq Ges Zvi KviY m¤ú‡K©
Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœÑ
 nuv‡mi mvaviYZ wK ai‡bi †ivM nq?
AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx nuv‡mi cÖavb cÖavb †ivM, †iv‡Mi
KviY, jÿY m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
avc -02
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g nuv‡mi †iv‡Mi jÿY m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB
Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ nuv‡mi †ivMe¨vwai wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb
`yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K nuv‡mi mvaviYZ wK wK †ivM nq Ges Zvi jÿY m¤ú‡K©
Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœmg~nÑ
 nuv‡mi mvaviYZ wK wK †ivM nq?
 nuvm †ivMvµvšÍ n‡j mvaviYZ wK wK jÿY †`Lv hvq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx nuv‡mi cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY
m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
avc -03
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g nuv‡mi †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv, cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v I wUKv`vb m¤ú‡K©
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ nuv‡mi †ivMe¨vwai wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb
`yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv, cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v I wUKv`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb|
G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœmg~nÑ
 nuvm †ivMvµvšÍ n‡j mvaviYZ wK ai‡bi wPwKrmv †`qv nq?
 wKfv‡e wWg cvov nuv‡mi cvjb I wWg †_‡K ev”Pv †dvUv‡bv nq?
 nuv‡mi †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a wK ai‡bi e¨e¯’v †bqv nq Ges wK wK wUKv cÖ`vb
Kiv nq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx nuv‡mi cÖavb cÖavb †ivM, jÿY,
wWg †dvUv‡bvi c×wZ I wUKv`vb m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨vbyhvqx nuvm cvj‡bi e¨emvwqK cwiKíbv ˆZwiKi‡Y nuvm
cvj‡b m¤¢ve¨ ev‡R‡Ui jvf-ÿwZi welq¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
• w`‡bi wkÿYxq welq mg~n cybiv‡jvPbv Kiæb Ges †mkb †kl Kiæb|

17

c×wZ

AwfÁZv wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb,
†cv÷vi cÖ`k©b,
mdj †Km ÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb

4_© w`b
†mkb- 09
welq : KeyZi cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡, KeyZ‡ii RvZ cwiwPwZ, wWg cvov I gvsm Drcv`b Dc‡hvMx KeyZ‡ii RvZ wbe©vPb
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 KeyZi cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 KeyZ‡ii RvZ cwiwPwZ I RvZ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|
mgq : 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb‡ccvi, gvK©vi †cb|
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

cÖwkÿ‡Ki Kibxq
avc -01
• †mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡`i ¯^vMZ Rvbvb|
• Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi
MZ w`‡bi welq wb‡q cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
• AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|

c×wZ
Dc¯’vcb
cÖ‡kœvËi

avc -02
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g KeyZi cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K©
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx KeyZi cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv Av‡iv ¯úó Kiæb|
avc-03
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g KeyZ‡ii RvZ m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB
Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ KeyZ‡ii RvZ wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb
`yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K KeyZi mvaviYZ wK wK Rv‡Zi nq m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î
m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœÑ
 Avcbvi GjvKvq wK wK Rv‡Zi KeyZi cvjb Kiv nq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx KeyZ‡ii cÖavb cÖavb RvZ m¤ú‡K©
Zv‡`i aviYv Av‡iv ¯úó Kiæb|

AwfÁZv wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb,
†cv÷vi cÖ`k©b,
mdj †Km ÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

18

4_© w`b
†mkb- 10
welq : KeyZi cvjb c×wZ, KeyZ‡ii evm¯’vb Ges Lv`¨ e¨e¯’vcbv
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 KeyZi cvjb c×wZ, KeyZ‡ii evm¯’vb Ges Lv`¨ e¨e¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 KeyZi cvj‡bi e¨emvwqK m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 1 NÈv
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb ‡ccvi, gvK©vi †cb|
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
avc -01
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g KeyZi cvjb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB
Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ KeyZi cvj‡b AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb `yÕGKR‡bi KvQ
†_‡K KeyZi cvjb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœÑ
 Avgv‡`i †`‡k †Kvb †Kvb c×wZ‡Z KeyZi cvjb Kiv nq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx KeyZi cvjb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i
aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
avc-02
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g KeyZ‡ii evm¯’vb I Lvevi m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv
hvPvB Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ KeyZ‡ii evm¯’vb I Lvevi wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb
`yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K KeyZ‡ii evm¯’vb I Lvevi m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨
cÖkœmg~nÑ
 KeyZ‡ii Lvevi wK?
 KeyZi ivLvi Ni †Kgb nq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx KeyZ‡ii evm¯’vb I Lvevi m¤ú‡K©
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

19

c×wZ

AwfÁZv
wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb, †cv÷vi
cÖ`k©b,
mdj †Km ÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

4_© w`b
†mkb-11
welq : KeyZ‡ii cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY, cÖwZ‡laK wUKv I wPwKrmv, KeyZi cvj‡bi e¨emvwqK m¤¢vebv
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 KeyZ‡ii cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY, cÖwZ‡laK wUKv I wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 KeyZi cvj‡bi e¨emvwqK m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 1 NÈv
cÖwkÿY DcKiY t cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb‡ccvi, gvK©vi †cb|
cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
avc -1
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g KeyZ‡ii †ivMe¨vwa m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ KeyZ‡ii †ivMe¨vwa wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb `yÕGKR‡bi KvQ
†_‡K KeyZ‡ii mvaviYZ wK wK †ivM nq Ges Zvi KviY m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœ KeyZ‡ii mvaviYZ wK ai‡bi †ivM nq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx KeyZ‡ii cÖavb cÖavb †ivM, †iv‡Mi KviY,
jÿY m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
avc-02
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g KeyZ‡ii †iv‡Mi jÿY m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i
aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ KeyZ‡ii †ivM e¨vwai wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb `yÕGKR‡bi
KvQ †_‡K KeyZ‡ii mvaviYZ wK wK †ivM nq Ges Zvi jÿY m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb|
G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœ Ñ
 KeyZi †ivMvµvšÍ n‡j mvaviYZ wK wK jÿY †`Lv hvq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx KeyZ‡ii cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY m¤ú‡K©
Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
avc-03
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g KeyZ‡ii †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv, cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v I wUKv`vb
m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• KeyZ‡ii †ivMe¨vwai wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb `yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv,
cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v I wUKv`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb|
G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœmg~n KeyZi †ivMvµvšÍ n‡j mvaviYZ wK ai‡bi wPwKrmv †`qv nq?
 wWgcvov KeyZi cvjb I wWg †_‡K ev”Pv †dvUv‡bvi c×wZ wK?
 KeyZ‡ii †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a wK ai‡bi e¨e¯’v †bqv nq Ges wK wK wUKv cÖ`vb Kiv nq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx KeyZ‡ii cÖavb cÖavb †iv‡Mi jÿY
m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
• mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx KeyZi cvj‡bi AvqÑe¨‡qi e¨emvwqK m¤¢vebv Av‡jPbv K‡i †mkb †kl
Kiæb|

c×wZ

AwfÁZv
wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb,
†cv÷vi
cÖ`k©b,
wfwWI
cÖ`k©b,
mdj †Km
÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb,
mdj †Km
÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

20

4_© w`b
†mkb- 12
welq : UvwK© cvjb c×wZ, Lv`¨ e¨e¯’vcbv, evm¯’vb I †ivMe¨vwa Ges cvj‡bi e¨emvwqK m¤¢vebv
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
• UvwK© cvjb c×wZ, Lv`¨vf¨vm , evm¯’vb I †ivM e¨vwa m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• cvj‡bi e¨emvwqK m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 1 NÈv
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb‡ccvi, gvK©vi †cb|
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
avc-1
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g bZzb cvwL UvwK© m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB Kiæb| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ UvwK© cvjb wel‡q AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q Ggb `yÕGKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K UvwK© cvjb c×wZ
m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœmg~nÑ
 UvwK©‡K mvaviYZ wK wK Lvevi w`‡Z nq? evm¯’vb †Kgb n‡e?
 mvaviYZ wK ai‡bi †ivM nq?
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx UvwK© cvjb c×wZ I Lvevi m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i aviYv
¯úó Kiæb|
avc-2
• cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g UvwK©i †ivMe¨vwa m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|
• AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi c‡i mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx UvwK©i †ivMe¨vwa I †iv‡Mi jÿY m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i
aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

avc-3
• UvwK©i RvZ, cvjb c×wZ, Lv`¨vf¨vm, †ivM-e¨vwa m¤c‡K© wek` Av‡jvPbv Kivi ci bZzb
cvwL wn‡m‡e mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx UvwK©i e¨emvwqK m¤¢vebv wel‡q aviYv w`b|

21

c×wZ
AwfÁZv
wewbgq,
cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb,
†cv÷vi
cÖ`k©b,
wfwWI cÖ`k©b,
mdj †Km
÷vwWi
Av‡jvPbv

cÖ‡kœvËi,
Dc¯’vcb

4_© w`b
†mkb- 13
welq : gvV cwi`k©‡bi `j MVb I gvV cwi`k©b bxwZgvjv cÖYqb
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :
†mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY
 gvV cwi`k©b (mdj nuvm-gyiwM I UvwK© e¨emvqxi mv‡_ mvÿvr) Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡eb|
mgq : 1 NÈv
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : †evW©, PK/†cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi|
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

c×wZ

avc-01
gvV cwi`k©‡bi `j wefvRb, gvV cwi`k©b bxwZgvjv
• cÖ_‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY †Kb mdj e¨emvqxi Lvgvi cwi`k©‡b hv‡eb
Zvi D‡Ïk¨ I DcKvwiZv m¤ú‡K© ejyb|
• gvV cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i‡K †gvU 4/5wU `‡j fvM Kiæb|
cÖwZwU `‡j GKRb `j‡bZv ˆZwi Kiæb whwb fv‡jvfv‡e wjL‡Z I
co‡Z cv‡ib|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gZvg‡Zi gva¨‡g gvV cwi`k©‡bi bxwZgvjv ˆZwi
Kiæb|
• mKj‡K gZvgZ w`‡q bxwZgvjv ˆZwi‡Z mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ ab¨ev`
w`b|
• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gvV cwi`k©‡bi KiYxq welq¸‡jv eywS‡q
ejyb Ges †mkb †kl Kiæb|

cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPb, Dc¯’vcb

cÖwkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ we‡kl †bvU
nuvm-gyiMx I KeyZ‡ii Lvgvi GKwU †_‡K AciwUi `~i‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y 4/5 `‡ji Kvh©µg cÖwkÿ‡Ki GKvi c‡ÿ
ch©‡eÿY Kiv m¤¢eci bv-I n‡Z cv‡i| †m‡ÿ‡Î cÖK‡íi Kg©KZ©vi mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ 3/4 Rb
ch©‡eÿK wVK Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î BDwbqb IqvK©vi A_ev cÖ‡R± Awdmv‡ii mn‡hvwMZv PvB‡Z cv‡ib| cÖwkÿK
AwZwi³ 3/4 Rb‡K Zv‡`i KiYxq welq¸‡jv Ges †Kvb `‡ji mv‡_ Zviv hv‡eb I cwi`k©b Ki‡eb Zv eywS‡q w`b|

22

5g w`b
†mkb- 14-16
welq : cwiKíbv Abyhvqx gvV cwi`k©b I gvVch©v‡qi ev¯Íe AwfÁZv AR©b, gv‡Vi AwfÁZv Dc¯’vcb
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 gvVch©v‡qi mdj cwi`k©b †_‡K AwR©Z AwfÁZv wewbgq K‡i e¨emv †KŠkj wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 6 NÈv
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : LvZv †cwÝj, Kjg PK †evW©, wd¬cPvU© †ccvi, gvK©vi
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

c×wZ

avc-1
• Kzkj wewbgq
• c~e©w`‡bi †mk‡bi wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g cybivq †R‡b wbb|
• Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji `j‡bZv‡K Zvi `j Ges ch©‡eÿK‡K wb‡q wba©vwiZ GjvKvi
nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZ‡ii Lvgvi cwi`k©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvIqvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Kiæb| ch©‡eÿK Ges
`‡ji †bZv I m`m¨‡`i Zv‡`i KiYxq welqwU eywS‡q ejyb|

cÖ‡kœvËi

avc-2
gvV ch©‡eÿY : Lvgvi Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY I AwfÁZv AR©b
• cÖwkÿK/ch©‡eÿK c~e©wba©vwiZ 4/5wU nuvm-gyiwM KeyZi UvwK©i Lvgvi G wb‡q
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cwiPq Kwi‡q w`b Ges GB cwi`k©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Kiæb|
• cÖ‡kœvËi ce© : G c‡e© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ga¨ †_‡K `j‡bZv mswkøó e¨emvqxi mv‡_ mswÿß
I cª‡qvRbxq cÖkœ Ki‡eb| (mnvqK/cÖwkÿK Ny‡i Ny‡i `‡ji Kvh©µg cwi`k©b Ki‡eb)
AskMÖnYKvixMY wkÿYxq wel‡qi Dci †bvU wb‡eb|
• cwi`k©b †k‡l Lvgv‡ii gvwjK/cÖwZwbwa‡K K…ZÁZv I ab¨ev` Ávcb K‡i gvV cwi`k©b
Kvh©µg †kl Ki‡eb|
gvV †_‡K †diZ Avmv Ges Dc¯’vcb
• †kÖwYK‡ÿ wd‡i Avmvi ci mKj‡K gvV ch©‡eÿY Kivi Rb¨ ab¨ev` w`b| mdj
e¨emvqx mv‡_ Avjvc, e¨emvqxi KvR ch©‡ÿY †Kgb †j‡M‡Q Zv Rvbyb|
• cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zv‡`i AwfÁZv wd¬cPvU© †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb|
• Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡bZv‡K Zv‡`i `‡ji AwfÁZvmg~n GK GK K‡i Dc¯’vcbv Ki‡Z
ejyb|
• GK `‡ji Dc¯’vcbv †kl n‡j Dc¯’vcbvKvix `‡ji Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv `‡ji †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j
Zv wRÁvmv Ki‡Z ejyb Ges `j‡bZv ev `‡ji Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡K Zvi DËi w`‡q
mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b Avcwb ms‡hvRb Kiæb|
avc-3
w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
• w`‡bi wkÿYxq welq mg~n cybiv‡jvPbv Kiæb Ges ev¯Íe †¶‡Î cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖwZkÖæwZ Av`vq
I ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

23

cÖ‡kœvËi,
ch©‡eÿY
Dc¯’vcbv

Av‡jvPbv

6ô w`b
†mkb- 17-20

welq : MZ 5 w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv, cwiKíbv wK, cwiKíbvi we‡eP¨ welqmg~n, cwiKíbvi QK, cwiKíbv ˆZwi
I Dc¯’vcb, cÖwkÿY wkLb ch©v‡jvPbv Ges cvidig¨vÝ †U÷ I cÖwk¶Y g~j¨vqb
†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
 e¨emvwqK cwiKíbvi we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 e¨emvwqK cwiKíbv Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 6 NÈv
cÖwkÿY DcKiY : e¨emv cwiKíbvi QK, †evW©, gvK©vi, LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

avc -1
• MZ 5 w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv| Avcwb cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP Abyhvqx MZ w`bmg~‡ni
Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~‡ni wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv AskMÖnYKvixiv KZUzKz eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv
Rvbvi Rb¨ wkÿYxq welq¸‡jvi Ici cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Zv‡`i Ávb hvPvB Kiæb|
avc-2
e¨emvwqK cÖKí cÖ¯Íve/cwiKíbv ˆZwi I Dc¯’vcb
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb cwiKíbv wK? cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wK?
cwiKíbv Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb welq we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
• DËi¸‡jv †kvbvi ci cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jvi gva¨‡g GKwU cwiKíbvi QK ˆZwi Ki‡eb (Kvh©µg mgq, `vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³, ¯’vb,
c×wZ)|
• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Zv‡`i wbR¯^ e¨emvi cwiKíbv Q‡Ki gva¨‡g Abykxjb Ki‡Z
ejyb|
avc-3
cÖwkÿY wkLb ch©v‡jvPbv
• AskMÖnYKvixiv 6 w`‡bi Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wK wK wkL‡Z I Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Zv
m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Kiæb| DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb, †Kv‡bv wKQz ev` †M‡j ev` hvIqv welq¸‡jv
cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
avc-4
cvidig¨vÝ †U÷ I g~j¨vqb
• Gici wba©vwiZ cvidig¨vÝ †U÷ I g~j¨vqb di‡gU cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb Kiæb
Ges mgvcbx Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgvwß †NvlYv Kiæb|

c×wZ
cÖ‡kœvËi

Av‡jvPbv
cÖ‡kœvËi
Abykxjb
Dc¯’vcbv

cÖ‡kœvËi

GKKfv‡e g~j¨vqb
cixÿv cÖ`vb

24

mnvqK Z_¨mg~n

DbœZ c×wZ‡Z †`wk gyiwM cvjb
(Deshi Hen Rearing under improved system)
†`wk gyiwM cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ (Importance of
Deshi Hen) :

AvcvZ`„wó‡Z †`wk gyiwMi Drcv`bkxjZv A‡bK we‡klÁ Kg
e‡j g‡b Ki‡jI †`wk gyiwM cvjb ev¯ÍweK c‡ÿ jvfRbK|
wewfbœ ˆewkó¨ †hgb wW‡g Zv w`‡q ev”Pv †dvUv‡bv, gv-gyiwMi
gva¨‡g ev”Pvi Zvc †`qv ev cÖwZcvjb Kiv, Avav Qvov
Ae¯’vq ev”Pv I eo gyiwM cvjb Kiv, fv‡jv e¨e¯’vcbvq
5-6wU Drcv`b P‡µ wWg Drcv`b Ges m‡e©vcwi †`wk
gyiwMi wWg I gvsm me©Î MÖnY‡hvM¨| evowZ evRvi g~‡j¨i
Kvi‡Y wewfbœ †kÖwY‡ckvi gvbyl cvwievwiK cywói Pvwn`v
†gUv‡bv I Avq ea©‡b †`wk gyiwMi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| G Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRb cÖPwjZ e¨e¯’vi m‡½ DbœZ cÖhyw³‡Z †`wk gyiwM
cvjb e¨e¯’vcbv Kiv, †ivM-evjvB `gb I evRviRvZKi‡Yi
mw¤§wjZ cÖqvm| Zvn‡jB †`wk gyiwM cvj‡bi gva¨‡g AwaK
Avq ea©b m¤¢e|
DbœZ c×wZ‡Z †`wk gyiwM wbe©vPb
• ¯’vbxq GjvKvi AvenvIqvi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡bv|
• hvi IRb 400-500 MÖv‡gi †ewk n‡e bv|
• jvj RvZxq gyiwM wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖvavb¨ w`‡Z n‡e|
• 10-12wU gyiwMi Rb¨ GKwU †gviM cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|
DbœZ c×wZ‡Z †`wk gyiwM cvjb
• LvgvwiMY eb¨v, Liv cÖf…wZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y m„ó A_©‰bwZK ÿwZ n‡j †`wk gyiwM cvjb K‡i
ÿwZ cywl‡q wb‡Z cvi‡eb|
• †`wk gyiwM cvj‡b Aí mg‡q AwaK gybvdv AR©b nq| Gi Kvi‡Y `vwi`ª¨ wbim‡b †`wk gyiwM cvj‡bi
¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
• ¯^í g~ja‡b †`wk gyiwM cvj‡bi e¨emv ïiæ Kiv hvq Ges AwR©Z Avq n‡Z cwievi cÖwZcvjb Kiv hvq|
†`wk gyiwMi Drcv`b Pµ m¤ú‡K© aviYv (Produc�on Cycle of Deshi Hen)
mvaviYZ Drcv`b Pµ ej‡Z †`wk wWg cvov gyiwMi wWg cvov ïiæ †_‡K ev”Pv dzUv‡bv, dzUšÍ ev”Pvi jvjb - cvjb Ges
cybivq wWg cvov ïiæ Kiv ch©šÍ Pµ‡K eySv‡bv nq| ¯^vfvweK ev cÖPwjZfv‡e MÖv‡g-M‡Ä cÖvq 3 ev`jv wWg cvov ev 3-4wU
Drcv`b Pµ †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq wKš‘ DËg e¨e¯’vcbv I wKQz †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡j †`wk gyiwMi Drcv`b Pµ 6wU ch©šÍ
ewa©Z Kiv m¤¢e| A_©vr GKB gyiwM †_‡K Avgiv cÖvq wظY jvf †c‡Z cvwi|

26

mbvZb c×wZ‡Z †`wk gyiwMi Drcv`b Pµ

DbœZ c×wZ‡Z †`wk gyiwMi Drcv`b Pµ

gyiwMi wWg cvovi mgqKvj : 22 w`b (20-24 w`b) gyiwMi wWg cvovi mgqKvj : 22 w`b (20-24 w`b)
wWgmn gyiwMi wW‡g Zv †`Iqv (21 w`b)

wWgmn gyiwMi wW‡g Zv †`Iqv (21 w`b)

gv-mn ev”Pvi jvjb cvjb : 85 w`b (80-90 w`b)

gv-mn ev”Pvi jvjb cvjb : 15 w`b (10-15 w`b)

cybivq wWg cvov ïiæ

cybivq wWg cvov ïiæ

†gvU mgqKvj = (20+21+85)= 126 w`b

†gvU mgqKvj = (20+21+15)= 58 w`b

(†gvU evwl©K Drcv`b Pµ cÖvq 3wU)

(†gvU evwl©K Drcv`b Pµ = 6wU)
wPÎ : †`wk gyiwMi Drcv`b Pµ

Kuy‡P/Dgv‡bv/Zv †`Iqv (Broody Hen) gyiwMi gva¨‡g ev”Pv dzUv‡bvi †KŠkj : (Hatchig techniques of
eggs by Broody Hen)
(1) gyiwM I wWg wbe©vPb (Selec�on of Hen & Egg):
K) wW‡gi AvK…wZ;
L) eo ai‡bi De©i wWg;
M) wW‡gi gv_v miæ I wcQb †gvUv;
N) †QvU wWg e¨envi cwinvi Kiv|

mvaviYZ eo AvKv‡ii gyiwM †ewk cwigvY ev †ewk IR‡bi wW‡g ÔZvÕ ev Dg w`‡Z cv‡i A_©vr gyiwMi †gvU IR‡bi A‡a©K
IR‡bi wW‡g gyiwM ÔZvÕ ev Dg †`Iqvi ÿgZv iv‡L| wb‡¤œ wewfbœ gyiwMi wW‡gi IR‡bi ZvwjKv †`Iqv n‡jv|

RvZ
†`wk
DbœZ
evwYwR¨K
†`wk
DbœZ

cÖRvwZ
gyiwM
gyiwM
gyiwM
nuvm
nuvm

IRb (MÖvg)
30-32
40-42
55-60
50-55
55-60

GQvov gyiwM wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡j fv‡jv ¯^v¯’¨, my¯’Zv, c~‡e© wWg cvovi BwZnvm, wUKv cÖ`v‡bi BwZnvm BZ¨vw` welq gyiwM
µq ev msMÖ‡ni mgq †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e| D‡jøL¨, wWg cvov gyiwM Kvw•ÿZ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ m‡e©v”P 2 eQi
e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

(2)dzUv‡bvi Rb¨ wWg wbe©vPb I wW‡gi hZœ (Selec�on and care of hatching eggs)
K. wW‡gi AvKvi (Egg size)
Lye eo A_ev Lye †QvU wWg dzUv‡bvi Rb¨ wbe©vPb Kiv hv‡e bv| cÖvq 58 MÖvg IR‡bi wWg me©`vB MÖnY‡hvM¨|

27

wW‡gi wfZ‡i we`¨gvb mv`v : Kzmy‡gi AbycvZ 2t1 _vK‡j IB wW‡gi ev”Pv †dvUvi nvi Ab¨‡`i Zzjbvq †ek fv‡jv
nq| A¯^vfvweK AvKv‡ii wWg me mgq ev` †`qv DwPZ|
L. †Lvmvi is (Shell Color)
mvaviYZ mv`v wWg cvov gyiwMi wWg dzUv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq, ïay †h¸‡jv AwaK `vMhy³ †m¸‡jv Gov‡bv nq, ev`vwg i‡Oi
wW‡gi †ÿ‡Î, gvSvwi I Mvp ev`vwg wWg nvjKv ev`vwg i‡Oi wW‡gi †_‡K fv‡jv dz‡U|
M. †mj/†Lvmvi MVb (Shell Texture)
hw` Cs/Vit-D Gi Afv‡e †Lvmvi ¸YMZgvb wb¤œgv‡bi nq Z‡e Aek¨B n¨vPvwewjwU Kg n‡e|
N. fvOv ev dvUv †Lvmv (Cracked Shell)
GB welqwU ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î `ywU wWg GK‡Î ¯úk© K‡i kã ï‡b wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e †hb
wW‡gi †Lvmv dvUv bv _v‡K|
O. wWg cwienbRwbZ hZœ (Care of eggs during transport)
wWg cwienb A_ev n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii mg‡q hv‡Z AZ¨waK SuvwK bv jv‡M †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e bZzev air shell-G
AvKvi eo n‡q wW‡gi n¨vPvwewjwU K‡g hv‡e|
P. gqjvhy³ wWg (Soiled of egg)
wWg cvovi ci wW‡g we`¨gvb gvwU cwi®‹vi Kvco A_ev PvKz A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ Øviv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e KLbI cvwb
Øviv cwi®‹vi Kiv hv‡e bv| G‡Z RxevYyi AvµgY n‡e I ev”Pv Kg dzU‡e| †ewk gvwUhy³ wWg KLbI dzUv‡bvi
Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv|
Q. wW‡gi eqm (Age of egg)
dzUv‡bvi wWg MÖx®§Kv‡j 3 w`b Ges kxZKv‡j 7-10 w`b ch©šÍ ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
R. wW‡gi N~Y©b (Turning)
hw` msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wWg GK mßv‡ni †ewk ivLv bv nq Z‡e wW‡gi Uvwb©s ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq|
S. †gvi‡Mi cÖfve (Effect of male)
†h mg¯Í gyiwMi Lvgv‡i †gviM t gyiwMi AbycvZ 1 t 10 Ges fv‡jv, kw³kvjx I ¯^v¯’¨evb †gviM i‡q‡Q †mLvb †_‡KB
dzUv‡bvi wWg msMÖn Kiv DwPZ|

(3) wW‡g Zv †`Iqvi nvRvj/UzKwi ˆZwi Kiv (Making of Hazal)

Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e cÖPwjZ nvRv‡ji Zzjbvq eo AvKv‡ii nvRvj ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hvi AvbygvwbK gvc (10 Bw x 7 Bw x
16 BwÂ) A_©vr DcwifvM 16 Bw wb‡Pi Zjv 10 Bw Ges D”PZv 7 Bw n‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j gyiwM
mgvbfv‡e Zvc w`‡Z cvi‡e, gyiwM mnRfv‡e bovPov Ki‡Z cvi‡e A_©vr wWg †_‡K ev”Pv †dvUvi nvi evo‡e| ˆZixK…Z
nvRv‡ji Zjvq 1 Bw cwigvY Kv‡Vi ¸uov ev QvB 3 Bw cwigvY Lo ev bvovKzUv w`‡q wWg emv‡Z n‡e| Gici cÖ¯‘ZK…Z
nvRv‡ji `yB cv‡k¦© 2wU-3wU BU Øviv k³ K‡i AvUKv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i gyiwM mwVKfv‡e wWg bvovPvov Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges
gyiwMi Pjv‡divi mgq nvRvj ev UzKwi bv D‡ë hvq|

(4) wW‡gi msL¨v I emv‡bvi mgq (Time and Number of Hatching eggs)

†h‡nZz GKwU gyiwM Zvi ˆ`wnK IR‡bi A‡a©K IR‡bi wWg Dg ev Zv w`‡Z cv‡i †m‡ÿ‡Î hw` GKwU †`wk gyiwMi IRb
1500 MÖvg ev 1.5 †KwR nq Zvn‡j †`wk gyiwMi wWg 15wU, nuv‡mi wWg 15wU, †mvbvwj ev dvDwg gyiwMi wWg 20wU Zv w`‡Z
cvi‡e| mvaviYZ wWg we‡K‡j emv‡bv n‡j ev”Pv 21 w`b ci we‡K‡j cÖùzwUZ n‡e ev dzU‡e, mg¯Í
w`b gv gyiwM ev”Pv¸‡jv‡K Zvc w`‡Z cvi‡e Ges mKv‡j Lye my¯’, mej ev”Pv cvIqv hv‡e|

(5) ZvcgvÎv, evqy PjvPj I Av`ª©Zvi cÖfve (Effect of Temperature, Ven�la�on & Humidity)

Zv †`Iqvi mgq ZvcgvÎv mvaviYZ 990F n‡Z 1010F n‡j fv‡jv nq| AwZwi³ I Aí ZvcgvÎv ev”Pvi g„Zy¨i nvi ev‡o
A_©vr åƒY †_‡K ev”Pv †dvUvi nvi K‡g hvq| mvaviYZ evZv‡m 21% O2 I 05% Gi wb‡P CO2 _vK‡j ev”Pv †dvUvi nvi

28

e„w× cvq| ch©vß evqy PjvPj bv _vK‡j O2 Afv‡e ev”Pvi g„Zz¨i nvi e„w× cvq| ev”Pv dzUv‡bvi Rb¨ 70% Rjxq
ev®ú ev Av`ª©Zv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| gyiwMi wW‡gi †ÿ‡Î cÖ_g 18 w`b 50-60% Av`ª©Zv †kl 3 w`b 65-70 Av`ª©Zv _vK‡Z
n‡e Ab¨_vq ev”Pvi g„Zz¨i nvi e„w× cv‡e| G Rb¨ Av`ª©Zvi Ici ev”Pv dzUvi nvi wbf©ikxj| †ewk Mi‡gi mgq
Zv hy³ wWg bó nq| nvjKv kx‡Zi mgq wWg Zv‡qi e¨e¯’v †ewk Ki‡Z n‡e| Av`ª©Zv cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq Kg
n‡j GKwU cwi®‹vi MvgQv ev Kvco w`‡q GK nv‡Z gyiwM DuPz K‡i a‡i Ab¨ nvZ w`‡q cvwb‡Z wfRv‡bv
Kvco Øviv wb‡¤œv³ Dcv‡q wWg gy‡Q w`‡j IB wWg †_‡K †ewk cwigvY ev”Pv dzU‡e|

Av`ª©Zvi cwigvY
30-40%
40-50%
50-60%
60-70%

KZevi gyQ‡Z n‡e
w`‡b 4 evi
w`‡b 3 evi
w`‡b 2 evi
w`‡b 1 evi

(6) †K‡Ûwjs ev wWg cixÿvKiY (Egg Candling)

wWg emv‡bvi ci n‡Z 7g I 14Zg w`‡b AÜKvi Ae¯’vq GKwU U‡P©i Av‡jvi gva¨‡g wWg cixÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` †`Lv hvq
wW‡gi †fZ‡i †Kv‡bv Kv‡jv `vM ev i‡³i wkiv †bB Z‡e wWgwU fv‡jv _vK‡e Ges †L‡q †djv hv‡e|
G‡Z K‡i Lvgvwi jvfevb n‡e|

(7) wW‡gi msiÿY (Storage of egg)

dzUv‡bvi wWg mvaviYZ 50-550F ZvcgvÎvq msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| †ewk VvÛv A_ev †ewk Mi‡g wW‡gi ¸Yv¸Y AÿzYœ
_v‡K bv|

(8) †gvi‡Mi cÖfve (Effect of Cock)

fv‡jv dzUv‡bvi wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †`wk gyiwMi †ÿ‡Î AekB 10wU gyiwMi mv‡_ (1t10) GKwU fv‡jv †gviM
_vK‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq Avkvbyiƒc n¨vwPs ev cÖùzwUZ ev”Pv cvIqv hv‡e bv|

(9) Kuy‡P gyiwMi Lv`¨ e¨e¯’vcbv I hZœ (Care of Broody Hen)

Avgiv Rvwb, gyiwMi wWg †_‡K ev”Pv dz‡U †ei nIqvi †ÿ‡Î wWg‡K Zvc cª`v‡bi cÖavb Drm wW‡g ÔZvÕ †`Iqv Kuy‡P gyiwM|
Kuy‡P gyiwMi GB Zvc g~jZ Lv`¨ †_‡K Av‡m| GRb¨ cÖwZwU Kuy‡P (Broody Hen) gyiwMi kixi †_‡K ch©vß Zvc Drcv`‡bi
Rb¨ ˆ`wbK 60-70 MÖvg mylg Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e, hv eZ©gvb †cvwëª Lv`¨ we‡µZv‡`i Kv‡Q †jqvi gyiwMi Lvevi
wnmv‡e wewµ nq| gyiwMi DKzbbvkK wn‡m‡e M¨vgvUzµ (5 MÖvg 1 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgkv‡Z n‡e) †mwfb (5 MÖvg 2 wjUvi
cvwb‡Z wgkv‡Z n‡e) w`‡q gyiwMi gv_v Qvov kixi cvwb‡Z Pzev‡Z n‡e| GQvov ZvgvK
cvZv, welKvVvjxi cvZv DKzbbvkK wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

ev”Pv dzUvi ci ev”Pvi e¨e¯’vcbv ( Care of chicks)

ev”Pv dzUvi ci 5-6 NÈv ch©šÍ gv‡qi Kv‡Q ev”Pv¸‡jv ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i gv gyiwMi kix‡ii Zv‡c ev”Pv¸‡jv my¯’-mej
_v‡K| D‡jøL¨, wWg dzUv‡bvi Rb¨ we‡K‡j emv‡Z n‡e Zvn‡j ev”Pv¸‡jv we‡K‡j dz‡U †ei n‡e, mvivivZ gv‡qi Kv‡Q
_vK‡e, mKv‡j my¯’ mej ev”Pv gv‡qi mv‡_ †ei n‡e|

(1) evm¯’vb (Housing)

gyiwMi ev”Pvi g„Zz¨i nvi Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ evm¯’v‡bi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| G‡ÿ‡Î w`‡bi †ejvq gvwU‡Z Lo wewQ‡q Gi
Ici ïKbv Qvjvi PU e¯Ív w`‡q ev”Pv Ges gv c‡jvi (euv‡ki ˆZwi Suvwc) g‡a¨ ivL‡Z n‡e wPj, KvK, KzKzi, ¸Bmvc,
†ewR †hb ev”Pvi †Kv‡bv ÿwZ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| GLv‡bB gvÕmn ev”Pv‡K Lvevi I cvwb mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|
iv‡Zi †ejvq †Wvjvi wfZi LoKzUv w`‡q gv-ev”Pv ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
G Qvov ev”Pvi Rb¨ Avjv`v Ni ˆZwi K‡i ev”Pv jvjb-cvjb Kiv hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î ¯’vbxqfv‡e mnRjf¨ Dcv`vb †hgb euvk,
KvV, bvov, myZvi Rvj, mycvwii dvjv BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZwU ev”Pvi Rb¨ 0.5 eM©dzU RvqMv wnmve K‡i

29

ev”Pvi Ni ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc : cÖwZ 20wU gyiwMi ev”Pvi Ni ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î NiwUi ˆ`N©¨ 4.5 dzU,
cÖ¯’ 2 dzU I D”PZv 2 dzU n‡Z n‡e| N‡ii Dc‡i A_©vr QvDwb‡Z Qb ev av‡bi Lo A_ev L‡oi Dci
cwjw_b †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z el©vKv‡j NiwU Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e fv‡jv _vK‡e|

(2) Zvcvqb ev eªæwWs (Brooding)

mvaviYZ †`wk gyiwMi KvQ †_‡KB cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z gyiwMi ev”Pv †dvUvi c‡i Zvc †c‡q _v‡K| gyiwMi ev”Pvi N‡ii
†g‡S‡Z weQvbv wnmv‡e av‡bi Zyl, Kv‡Vi ¸uov ev QvB ev evwj e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| weQvbvi Dcv`vb gv‡S gv‡S
†b‡o w`‡Z n‡e| GK gvm eqm ch©šÍ ev”Pv¸‡jv‡K N‡ii wfZi Ave× K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| Gici ev”Pv evwn‡i †Q‡o w`‡j
cwi‡e‡ki m‡½ Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z cvi‡e|

(3) Lv‡`¨i Dcv`vb (Elements of Feed)

†gviM-gyiwMi wewfbœ Lv`¨ Dcv`vb I Drm m¤ú‡K© ch©vß aviYv bv _vK‡j Avkvbyiƒc Drcv`b Am¤¢e| wb‡¤œ G
m‡¤ú‡K© mswÿß aviYv †`Iqv n‡jv| Lv‡`¨i cywó Dcv`vb ¸‡jv‡K Qq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq †hgb †k¦Zmvi ev kK©iv (Carbohydrates) †k^Zmvi ev kK©iv RvZxq Lv`¨ kix‡i Zvc kw³ †RvMvq| ZvQvov
AwZwi³ kK©iv †`‡n Pwe©‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q Rgv nq| fzÆv, Mg, Pv‡ji ÿz`, A‡Uv‡gwUK wg‡ji Pv‡ji
Kzuov BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y kK©iv _v‡K|
 Avwgl (Proteins) : Avwgl †`‡ni ÿqc~iY, e„w× mvab Ges wWg I gvsm Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| Avwgl
A¨vgvB‡bv A¨vwm‡Wi mgš^‡q MwVZ| wewfbœ ai‡bi ˆLj, †hgb- wZ‡ji ˆLj, ev`vg ˆLj, m~hg© Ly xi ˆLj, mqvweb
wgj, wgU GÛ †evb wgj, wdk wgj, eøvWwgj, bvwofzwu o, kvgyK I wSby‡Ki KzwP BZ¨vw` Avwg‡li Drm|
 †¯œnc`v_© ev Pwe© (Lipids or Fate) : Pwe© kw³i DrK…ó Drm| kK©iv †_‡K †mvqv `y¸Y †ewk kw³ †RvMvq|
G Pwe© ev †¯œnRvZxq c`v_©| GQvov Pwe© gvsm‡K my¯^v`y K‡i I cvjK‡K PKP‡K iv‡L| GwU †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv
wbqš¿Y K‡i| wewfbœ cÖKvi Dw™¢¾ I cÖvwYR †Zj Pwe©i DrK…ó Drm|
 Lv`¨cÖvY ev wfUvwgb (Vitamins) : wfUvwgb kixi‡K my¯’ I mej iv‡L Ges cywónxbZv `~i K‡i| Bnv
`y cÖKvi : K) Pwe©‡Z `ªeYxq wfUvwgb, †hgb-G, wW, B I †K Ges L) cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq wfUvwgb, †hgbwfUvwgb-wm I we Kg‡cø·| kvKmewR, km¨`vbv, KW wjfvi †Zj BZ¨vw` †cvwëª Lv‡`¨ wfUvwg‡bi DrK…ó
Drm wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 LwbR c`v_© (Minerals) : A‰Re c`v_©mg~n LwbR Dcv`vb| G¸‡jv †`‡ni A¤øZ¡ I ÿvi‡Z¡i fvimvg¨ iÿv
K‡i, kix‡i Aw¯’ KvVv‡gv, i³, wW‡gi †Lvmv ˆZwi K‡i Ges nR‡g mvnvh¨ K‡i| nv‡oi ¸uov, gv‡Qi KuvUv,
kvgyK wSby‡Ki ¸uov, wW‡gi †Lvmv, km¨ `vbv, KW wjfvi †Zj BZ¨vw` †cvwëª Lv‡`¨ DrK…ó Drm wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 cvwb (Water) : cvwbi Aci bvg Rxeb| GKw`b eq‡mi ev”Pvi †`‡ni 85%, cÖvß eq¯‹ †cvwëªi †`‡ni
55% Ges gvsm I wW‡gi 73-74%-B cvwb| †cvwëªi Lv‡`¨ 10-12 fvM cvwb _v‡K| evwKUv Lvevi cvwb
wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| cvwb †`‡ni †KvlKjvi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv iÿv K‡i, †`‡ni ZvcgvÎvi mgZv iÿv K‡i,
Lv`¨e¯‘ nR‡g mvnvh¨ K‡i, M„nxZ Lv`¨`ªe¨‡K `ªexf…Z K‡i Ges P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q Lv`¨‡K kix‡i †kvl‡Y mvnvh¨
K‡i| ZvB cÖwZw`b Ab¨vb¨ Lv`¨ Dcv`v‡bi m‡½ †cvw몇K cÖPzi cwigv‡Y weï× Lvevi cvwb mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|

(4) Lv`¨ I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv (Water & Feeding Management)

ev”Pvi cÖ_g mßvn eqm †_‡KB gv_vwcQz 8-10 MÖvg K‡i Ges cÖwZ mßv‡n 5-7 MÖvg ch©vqµ‡g e„w× K‡i eqjvi ÷viUvi
Lvevi mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| (Lv`¨ cÖ`v‡bi ZvwjKv mshy³ Kiv n‡jv, †Uwej-1)| 4 mßvn eq‡mi ci N‡ii
Lvevi (Ly`, Kzuov, fzwl) Aí Aí K‡i wgwk‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e| Z‡e cwigv‡Y Kg, Ab¨_vq ˆ`wnK e„w× Kg n‡e|
mvaviYZ Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi wظY cvwb cÖ‡qvRb nq| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv cwi®‹vi cvwb 24 NÈvq ev”Pvi Avkcv‡k
mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

30

cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 1 MÖvg †ibvgvBwmb, 1 MÖvg WweøD Gm wfUvwgb, 10 MÖvg wPwbi gva¨‡g ˆZixK…Z `ªeY Aí Aí
K‡i cvwbi cv‡Î w`‡q 3-4 w`b ch©¯Í ev”Pv‡K LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
G‡ÿ‡Î 1g gvm cÖwZ 20-30wU ev”Pvi Rb¨ 1 wjUvi aviY ÿgZvi Ges 2q gvm 2-3 wjUvi aviY ÿgZvi cøvw÷K wWªsKvi
mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov 1g gvm †_‡K 2q gvm eqm ch©šÍ cÖwZ 20-30wU ev”Pvi Rb¨ h_vµ‡g 1 dzU
6 Bw j¤^v I 1.5 †KwR aviY ÿgZvi Lv`¨ cvÎ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|

†iv‡Mi bvg I jÿY
 ivbx‡ÿZ  K‡jiv  emšÍ  i³ Avgvkq  K…wg †ivM  Pzbv †ivM  Rv¤§y †ivM BZ¨vw`|
1. ivbx‡ÿZ †ivM
jÿY : gyiwM LvIqv eÜ K‡i †`q, †PvL ey‡R Nygvq, †PvL gyL Ges bvK w`‡q mw`© c‡o, k^vmKó nq, †VuvU Ic‡ii w`‡K †i‡L
nuv K‡i wbtk^vm †bq, Wvbv wb‡Pi w`‡K Sz‡j c‡o, Py‡bi g‡Zv mv`v cvqLvbv nq Ges nVvr KK KK kã
K‡i gviv hvq|
wPwKrmv : Kymywg·cøvm cvDWvi ev †ibvgvBwmb †Ue‡jU LvIqv‡j DcKvi cvIqv hvq|
2. K‡jiv
jÿY : cvZjv cvqLvbv K‡i, cvqLvbv `yM©Ü nq, cv a‡i Ic‡i IVv‡j gyL w`‡q cvwb c‡o, gv_vi SzuwU Kv‡jv n‡q
hvq| el©vKv‡j GB †ivM †ewk nq|
wPwKrmv : 1 MÖvg Kzmywg·cøvm cvDWvi 1 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q 3-4 w`b LvIqv‡Z n‡e| †ibvgvBwmb U¨ve‡jU 1wU
2 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q LvIqv‡j DcKvi cvIqv hvq|
cÖwZ‡iva : wbqwgZ wUKv w`‡Z n‡e| 1 wm wm wUKv 1 evi w`‡Z n‡e| GB wUKv 6 gvm cici eQ‡i 2 evi w`‡Z n‡e|
3. emšÍ †ivM
jÿY : cvjKwenxb As‡k †`Lv hvq, †hgb gv_vq Suwz U, Kv‡bi jwZ, †Pv‡Li cvZvq cÖ_‡g jvj c‡o Kv‡jv n‡q Nv nq|
wPwKrmv : †ibvgvBwmb Bb‡RKkb 1 wmwm K‡i 3-5 w`b w`‡Z n‡e| A_ev 1 MÖvg †ibvgvBwmb U¨ve‡jU 1 wjUvi
cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q w`‡b 2 evi LvIqv‡j DcKvi cvIqv hvq|
cÖwZ‡iva : wbqwgZ wUKv w`‡Z n‡e| GB wUKv eQ‡i 1 evi w`‡Z n‡e|
4. i³ Avgvkq
jÿY : †PvL eÜ K‡i wSgvq, †ewk †ewk cvwb cvb K‡i, cvLv Sz‡j c‡o|
wPwKrmv : 1wU †ibvgvBwmb U¨ve‡jU 6 fvM K‡i cÖwZw`b mKv‡j 1 fvM Ges we‡K‡j 1 fvM|
cÖwZ‡iva : gv‡S gv‡S 1/2 gvÎvi U¨ve‡jU my¯’ gyiwM‡K LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
5. K…wg †ivM
jÿY : cvZjv cvqLvbv K‡i, wWg Kg †`q, IRb K‡g hvq I i³¯^íZv †`Lv hvq|
wPwKrmv : Gwf‡b· U¨ve‡jU 1/2 MÖvg 1 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZ‡iva : ev”Pvi Rb¨ 4-7 w`b 1 †duvUv †Pv‡L Avevi 21 w`b ci 1 †duvUv †Pv‡L we wm Avi wW wUKv w`‡Z n‡e|
2 gvm Avi GKevi wWwf 1 wm.wm w`‡Z n‡e|
6. Pzbv †ivM
jÿY : Pz‡bi cvwbi g‡Zv cvZjv cvqLvbv K‡i, wWg Kg †`q, IRb K‡g hvq I i³¯^íZv †`Lv hvq|
7. Rv¤§y †ivM
jÿY : gyiwM LvIqv eÜ K‡i †`q, †PvL ey‡R Nygvq| †PvL, gyL I bvK w`‡q mw`© c‡o, k^vmKó nq, †VuvU Dc‡ii w`‡K †i‡L
nuv K‡i wbtk^vm †bq, Wvbv wb‡Pi w`‡K Sz‡j c‡o, Py‡bi g‡Zv mv`v cvqLvbv nq Ges nVvr KK KK kã
K‡i gviv hvq|
wPwKrmv : Kymywg·cøvm cvDWvi ev †ibvgvBwmb U¨ve‡jU LvIqv‡j DcKvi cvIqv hvq|

31

†Uwej-1 : †`wk gyiwMi ˆ`wbK Lv`¨ cÖ`v‡bi wbqg (Feeding Schedule)

eqm
(gvm)

1 gvm

2 gvm

3 gvm

4 gvm

5 gvm

6 gvm

eqm
(mßvn)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25

cwigvY
(MÖvg/ev”Pv/w`b)
8
12
15
20
22
25
30
35
38
40
43
45
48
50
53
55
57
59
61
64
65
66
68
70

gšÍe¨

cÖwZwU gyiwM‡K ˆ`wbK Lv`¨
MÖn‡Yi wظY cwigvY
(wm.wm/wg.wj) cvwb Aek¨B
mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|

we: `ª: cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM‡K (60-80 MÖvg ˆ`wbK) nv‡i mylg Lvevi mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e, Z‡e cÖvK…wZK Drm †_‡K Lv`¨
mieivn †ewk Ki‡Z cvi‡j fv‡jv Drcv`b cvIqv hv‡e|

32

100wU gyiwM cvj‡bi m¤¢ve¨ ev‡RUmn jvf-ÿwZi wnmve

1. ¯’vqx m¤ú`

weeiY
gyiwM cvj‡bi Rb¨ †mW ˆZwi eve`
gyiwMi LuvPv ˆZwi eve`
Lv‡`¨i cU
cvwbi cU
wWg ivLvi cvÎ

cwigvY/msL¨v
01wU
05wU
05wU
10wU
20wU
†gvU=

2. PjwZ e¨q

weeiY
gyiwMi ev”Pv µq-120wU x40.00
wgkÖ Lvevi -4000.00 x 18
†gwWwmb
wbR¯^ kÖg

cwigvY/msL¨v
120wU
18 gvm
cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i
18 gvm
†gvU=
†gvU LiP = ¯’vqx LiP + PjwZ e¨q = 22800.00 + 86800.00=109600.00
3. †gvU weµq †_‡K Avq
wWg weµq †_‡K Avq-8 x 31025wU
248200.00
gyiwM weµq †_‡K Avq- 135.00 x 180 †KwR
24300.00
†gvU= 272500.00
jvf ev gybvdv= †gvU Avq- †gvU e¨q = 272500.00- 109600.00= 16২৯00.00

UvKvi cwigvY
15000.00
4000.00
1000.00
2500.00
300.00
22800.00
UvKvi cwigvY
4800.00
72000.00
10000.00
86800.00

20wU gyiwM cvj‡bi m¤¢ve¨ ev‡RUmn jvf-ÿwZi wnmve

1. ¯’vqx m¤ú`

weeiY
gyiwM cvj‡bi Rb¨ †kW ˆZwi eve`
Lv‡`¨i cU
cvwbi cU
wWg ivLvi cvÎ

cwigvY/msL¨v
01wU
02wU
04wU
01wU
†gvU =

UvKvi cwigvY
2500.00
400.00
200.00
100.00
3200.00

weeiY
gyiwMi ev”Pv µq-20wU x 50.00
wgkÖ Lvevi
†gwWwmb
wbR¯^ kÖg

cwigvY/msL¨v
20wU
80 w`b
cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i
80 w`b
†gvU=

UvKvi cwigvY
1000.00
1400.00
200.00
2600.00

2. PjwZ e¨q

†gvU LiP= ¯’vqx LiP + PjwZ e¨q = 3200.00+2600.00=5800.00
3. †gvU weµq †_‡K Avq
wWg weµq †_‡K Avq
(- ) †gvU e¨q
jvf ev gybvdv= †gvU Avq- †gvU e¨q = 7600.00- 5800.00=1800.00

33

7600.00
5800.00
†gvU= 1800.00

nuvm cvjb
cwi‡ek Dc‡hvMx RvZ

cvwZnuv‡mi A‡bK ai‡bi RvZ Av‡Q| mvaviYZ MÖvgv‡j †h cvwZnuvm cvjb Kiv nq Zv LvwK K¨v‡¤^j Rv‡Zi|
LvwK K¨v‡¤^j nuv‡mi is LvwK| GB nuvm mvaviYZ wWg cvovi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv nq| GB Rv‡Zi cvwZnuvm GjvKvi Rb¨ me
†_‡K †ewk Dc‡hvMx| GQvov wRswWs Rv‡Zi cvwZnuvmI †bvbv cwi‡e‡k I Aí RvqMvq jvfRbKfv‡e cvjb
Kiv m¤¢e|
wRbwWs nuvm †`L‡Z LvwK K¨v‡¤^‡ji g‡Zv Z‡e cvLvq Kv‡jv Kv‡jv `vM _v‡K Ges G nuv‡mi Mjv A‡c¶vK…Z j¤^v|
GB nuvmI wWg cvovi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡k GB nuvm cvj‡bi cÖPjb A‡c¶vK…Z bZzb|
Dfq cÖRvwZi nuvm cvj‡bi c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖvq GKB iKg|
mwVKfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡j Dfq cÖRvwZi GKwU nuvm †_‡K eQ‡i 250wUi †ewk wWg cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
mvaviYZ 22 mßvn eqm †_‡K nuvwm wWg cvov ïiæ K‡i|
.evm¯’vb
evm¯’v‡b cÖwZ nuv‡mi Rb¨ 1 eM©nvZ RvqMv `iKvi nq|
N‡ii Pvjv †MvjcvZv, Lo ev Qb w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i; Pv‡ji D”PZv †g‡S †_‡K 3-4 nvZ n‡j fv‡jv nq| N‡i ch©vß
Av‡jv-evZvm _vKv `iKvi| GB Rb¨ N‡ii †eov Kv‡Vi evwZ w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i A_ev Zv‡ii Rvj w`‡qI ˆZwi Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| N‡ii †g‡S ïK‡bv ivLv DwPZ| G †¶‡Î KuvPv †g‡S‡Z Kv‡Vi ¸uov ev Zzl †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|

ev”Pv msMÖn
nuvm cvjb ïiæ Kivi Rb¨ nuv‡mi ev”Pv msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| miKvwi Lvgvi †_‡K ev”Pv msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡j fv‡jv nq| †emiKvwi
Lvgvi †_‡KI msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| A_ev ¯’vbxq evRvi ev cvov cÖwZ‡ekxi KvQ †_‡K msMÖn Kiv hvq|
KZ eq‡mi ev wK ai‡bi ev”Pv wKb‡Z n‡e Zv wb‡Ri AwfÁZv e¨envi K‡i ev ¯’vbxq cÖvwYm¤ú` Kg©KZ©vi mv‡_
civgk© K‡i wVK Ki‡Z n‡e|
evošÍ ev c~Y© eq¯‹ nuvm wK‡bI nuvm cvjb ïiæ Kiv hvq| c‡i wWg †_‡K ev”Pv dzwU‡q nuv‡mi msL¨v evov‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|

nuv‡mi ev”Pv cvjb
cvwb‡Z ev”Pv Qvovi mgq
1| 4 mßvn ch©šÍ nuv‡mi ev”Pv cvwb‡Z Qvov hv‡e bv|
2| 4 mßvn ch©šÍ nuv‡mi ev”Pv N‡i cÖwZcvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|
3| cvwb‡Z Qvovi mgq n‡j cÖ_g w`‡bB mviv w`b ivLv wVK bq|
4| w`‡b ax‡i ax‡i Pvievi cvwb‡Z Qvovi Af¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e|
5| Mig Kv‡j 2 mßvn eq‡m cvwb‡Z Qvov †h‡Z cv‡i|

34

wWg †dvUv‡bvi c×wZ
wbwl³ nuv‡mi wWg gyiwM Øviv Zv w`‡q cÖvK…wZKfv‡e ev”Pv †dvUv‡bv hvq| G‡¶‡Î GKwU †`wk my¯’ mej Kzu‡P
gyiwMi wb‡P 8-10wU cwi®‹vi wWg emv‡bv nq| 21-28 w`b mg‡qi g‡a¨ nuv‡mi wWg dz‡U ev”Pv †ei nq|
GQvov BbwKD‡eUi I Zzl c×wZ‡Z K…wÎgfv‡eI nuv‡mi ev”Pv †dvUv‡bv hvq|
cvjb c×wZ
iv‡Z nuvm Zvi N‡i _vK‡e, †fvi †ejvq nuvm Ni †_‡K †ei K‡i Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| Gici cyKzi ev †Wvev‡Z nuvm †Q‡o w`‡Z
n‡e| Z‡e cyKzi ev †Wvev wN‡i w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z nuvm wPswo †Ni ev dm‡ji ¶wZ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| †N‡ii D”PZv 3 dzU n‡jB
h‡_ó| cy‡iv‡bv Rvj ev †bU w`‡q GB †Niv †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Lvevi I cvwb
fv½v Mg ev M‡gi fzwl ev Pv‡ji Kzuov I gv‡Qi ¸uov, Gi mv‡_ GKUz ˆLj GK‡Î wgwk‡q nuvm‡K LvIqv‡Z nq|
Avwg‡li Rb¨ Lvev‡i gv‡Qi ¸uov †`Iqv nq| ev”Pv nuv‡mi Lvev‡i Avwg‡li cwigvY kZKiv 21 fvM I wWg †`Iqv nuv‡mi
Rb¨ Avwg‡li cwigvY kZKiv 18 fvM ivL‡Z n‡e| gv‡Qi ¸uovi e`‡j kvgyK, wSbyK, KuvKov ev wPswo
Avjv`vfv‡e †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
cÖwZ †KwR nuv‡mi Lvev‡ii mv‡_ 1.5 MÖvg wfUvwgb wgbv‡ij wcÖwg· wgkv‡Z nq|
cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv cvwb wgwk‡q nuv‡mi Lvevi ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| Gi mv‡_ Avjv`v cv‡Î cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡Z n‡e|
mvaviYZ 1-2 gvm eqm ch©šÍ nuvm‡K w`‡b 4-5 evi K‡i Lvevi w`‡Z nq| 8 mßvn eqm †_‡K 2-3 evi Ges evošÍ
nuvm‡K w`‡b 2 evi LvIqv‡Z nq|
1 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ 15 MÖvg n‡jB P‡j| Gici 4_© mßvn ch©šÍ cÖwZ mßv‡n 10 MÖvg K‡i cwigvY evov‡Z n‡e| Gici 8g
mßvn ch©šÍ 45 MÖvg K‡i Ges evošÍ nuv‡mi Rb¨ 90 MÖvg Lvevi jvM‡e| cÖvßeq¯‹ (20 mßvn) GKwU nuvm‡K
125 MÖvg Lvevi w`‡j P‡j|

nuv‡mi wewfbœ †ivMevjvB; wPwKrmv I cÖwZKvi

nuv‡mi †iv‡Mi †ejvq †ivMvµvšÍ nIqvi ci wPwKrmv Ki‡j †ewki fvM †¶‡Î Lye Kg dj cvIqv hvq| ZvB wPwKrmvi †P‡q
cÖwZ‡laK e¨e¯’v MÖnY KivB DËg| GRb¨ Dc‡Rjv/BDwbqb cÖvwYm¤ú` Kg©KZ©v ev †mev‡K‡›`ªi mv‡_ wbqwgZ
†hvMv‡hvM ivL‡Z n‡e| nuv‡mi K‡qKwU cÖavb †ivM m¤ú‡K© wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jvÑ
WvK †cøM
j¶Ymg~n
nuv‡mi †cøM †ivMwU fvBivm Øviv m„wó nq| GwU GKwU gvivZ¥K msµvgK †ivM| GB †iv‡M g„Zz¨i nvi Lye
†ewk| †h †Kv‡bv eq‡mi nuvm GB †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i Z‡e c~Y© eq¯‹ nuv‡mi G †ivM †ewk nq, gvwU‡Z †Vm w`‡q Nygvq,
Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y Abxnv †`Lv †`q, wccvmvq KvZi n‡q evievi cvwb †L‡Z Pvq, Lye cvZjv cvqLvbv K‡i Ges †j‡Ri Avkcv‡k
gj †j‡M _v‡K, Av‡jv †`L‡j fq cvq, bvK I gyL w`‡q Zij c`v_© †ei nq, cv I cvLv Aek n‡q hvq Ges gv_v, Nvo I
kix‡i Kuvcywb †`Lv hvq| AvµvšÍ nuvm ey‡Ki Ici fi w`‡q e‡m c‡o, wWg cvov nuvwmi wWg †`Iqv nVvr K‡i K‡g hvq,
cvwb‡Z fvmgvb Ae¯’vq gviv hvq|
wPwKrmv
AvµvšÍ nuv‡mi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmv †bB| AvµvšÍ nuvm‡K `ªæZ Ab¨Î mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡e Ges g„Z nuvm gvwU‡Z cu‡y Z †dj‡Z n‡e|
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva
WvK †cøM bvgK wUKv w`‡q GB †iv‡Mi nvZ †_‡K nuvm‡K euvPv‡Z n‡j wUKv w`‡Z n‡e| 4 mßvn n‡j 1/2 wmwm Ilya ev”Pvi
iv‡b w`‡Z n‡e| 15 w`b ci 1 wm wm K‡i ey÷vi †WvR Ges 4-5 gvm AšÍi my¯’ nuvm‡K wbqwgZ WvK †cøM
†iv‡Mi wUKv w`‡Z n‡e|

35

WvK K‡jiv
GK cÖKvi e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv GB †iv‡Mi m„wó| mKj eq‡mi nuvm eQ‡ii †h‡Kv‡bv mg‡q GB †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i|
j¶Ymg~n
meyR ev njy` i‡Oi cvZjv cvqLvbv nq, ey‡Ki Ici fi w`‡q nuv‡U Ges e‡m _vK‡Z Pvq, cvjK LmL‡m n‡q hvq, gv_v
Gw`K-Iw`K †Nviv‡Z _v‡K, LvIqv eÜ n‡q hvq, k¦vm-cÖk¦vm `ªæZ nq, gyL I nuvUz dz‡j hvq, bvK, gyL w`‡q
jvjv S‡i, wccvmv †e‡o hvq|
wPwKrmv
AvµvšÍ nuv‡mi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmv †bB| AvµvšÍ nuvm‡K `ªæZ Ab¨Î mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡e Ges g„Z nuvm‡K gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z †dj‡Z
n‡e|
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva
my¯’ nuvm‡K cÖwZ 6 gvm AšÍi wUKv w`‡Z n‡e| †`o gvm eqmx nuv‡mi ev”Pv‡K cÖ_g GB wUKv w`‡Z nq| 100 wmwm †evZ‡j
GB wUKv cvIqv hvq| G †_‡K 100wU nuv‡mi wUKv †`Iqv hvq| GB wUKvi †evZj Lyj‡j cieZx© mg‡q
e¨env‡ii Rb¨ msi¶Y Kiv hvq bv|
evW© d¬z
Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBivm (H5N1) Øviv GB †iv‡Mi m„wó| mvaviYZ eb¨/AwZw_ nuvm, gyiwM wKsev cvwL †_‡K G †ivM M„ncvwjZ
nuvm-gyiwMi kix‡i Qovq| eQ‡ii †h‡Kv‡bv mg‡q †Kv‡bv c~e© j¶Y QvovI me eq‡mi nuvm GB †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i| evW©
d¬z gvbe †`‡nI AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i Ges AvµvšÍ e¨w³i g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i|
j¶Ymg~n
cvZjv cvqLvbv nq, †PvL w`‡q cvwb S‡i, Luywo‡q nuv‡U, AvµvšÍ nuvm `ye©j n‡q GKmv‡_ e‡m _v‡K Ges gv_v wb‡Pi w`‡K
Suy‡K iv‡L, AvµvšÍ nuv‡mi †Pv‡Li cvZv I gv_v dz‡j _v‡K, LvIqv eÜ n‡q hvq, k¦vm cÖk¦vm wb‡Z Kó nq|
wPwKrmv
AvµvšÍ nuv‡mi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmv †bB| AvµvšÍ I g„Z nuvm‡K `ªæZ gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z †dj‡Z n‡e|
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva
• nuvm-gyiwM Avjv`vfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e
• N‡ii nuvm †hb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB eb¨/AwZw_ nuvm ev cvwLi mv‡_ wgk‡Z bv cv‡i
• nuv‡mi A¯^vfvweK AvPiY/g„Zz¨ †Pv‡L co‡j †`wi bv K‡i my¯’ nuvm †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e
• Ges ¯’vbxq cïm¤ú` Kg©KZ©v ev G wel‡q AwfÁ e¨w³‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e
• AvµvšÍ nuvm LvIqv hv‡e bv
• wbqwgZ nuv‡mi †Luvqvo cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e
• †ivMvµvšÍ cvwLi gj mvi wn‡m‡e wKsev gv‡Qi Lvevi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv
• my¯’ nuvm‡K evW© d¬zi wUKv w`‡Z n‡e|
WvK fvBivm †ncvUvBwUm
j¶Y : 1 gvm eq‡mi ev”Pvi (1-4) mßv‡ni g‡a¨ nq, nVvr gv_v KvZ K‡i wPZ n‡q c‡o hvq, †VuvU †e¸wb nq,
cv wLuPzwb †`q Ges 3-4 w`‡bi g‡a¨ me ev”Pv gviv hvq|
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva : 1 w`‡bi ev”Pv‡K wUKv w`‡Z n‡e|
K…wg †ivM
mvaviYZ Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ Ges mu¨vZ‡mu‡Z Acwi”Qbœ †g‡S †_‡K nuv‡mi kix‡i K…wgi wWg Xz‡K c‡o| wewfbœ ai‡bi
K…wg, †hgb- †MvjK…wg, wdZvK…wg, myZvK…wg BZ¨vw` Øviv nuvm AvµvšÍ nq|
j¶Ymg~n
• nuvm ïwK‡q †h‡Z _v‡K Ges cvjK D‡¯‹vLy‡¯‹v n‡q ˆ`wnK e„w× e¨vnZ nq
• i³ wgwkÖZ cvZjv cvqLvbv nq

36

• †Pv‡L gy‡L i³k~b¨Zvi fve cwijw¶Z nq Ges wSgv‡Z _v‡K
• †`‡ni IRb K‡g hvq Ges wWg cvov eÜ n‡q hvq
• K…wgi cwigvY †ewk n‡q †M‡j Aš¿bvwji wQ`ª eÜ n‡q hvq Ges gviv hvq
wPwKrmv
wPKrm‡Ki civgk© Abyhvqx cvBcvBqvwRb bvgK Ilya LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva
AšÍZc‡¶ cÖwZ 3 gvm ci ci K…wgi Ilya LvIqv‡Z n‡e Ges nuv‡mi evm¯’vb me©`v cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qb ivL‡Z n‡e Ges ¯^v¯’¨wewa
†g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
wfUvwg‡bi Afve ev AcywóRwbZ †ivM
nuv‡mi mylg Lvev‡ii mv‡_ wfUvwgb I LwbR c`v‡_©i Afve n‡j wewfbœ iKg DcmM© †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z nuv‡mi
Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq|
j¶Ymg~n
• †Pv‡Li cvZv dz‡j hvq Ges †PvL w`‡q cvwb c‡o
• ivZKvbv n‡q hvq
• nvo `ye©j n‡q hvq
• wW‡gi †Lvmv cvZjv n‡q hvq
• †`‡ni IRb K‡g hvq Ges wWg cvov K‡g hvq
• cvjK D‡¯‹vLy‡¯‹v n‡q hvq I S‡i c‡o
wPwKrmv
gv‡Sg‡a¨ `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ wfUvwgb I LwbR wgwk‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva
mylg Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ cÖwZw`b meyR kvKmewR †hgb Kwc cvZv, cvjskvK, Kjwg kvK †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|
welwµqv
cPv, `~wlZ Lvevi †_‡K Ges nuv‡mi Lvevi cvÎ wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi bv Ki‡j wfRv Lv`¨ I wjUv‡i Rb¥v‡bv QÎvK I
†gvì †_‡K D™¢vweZ Avdjv Uw•b I gvB‡Kv Uw·‡bi d‡j welwµqvi m„wó nq|
j¶Ymg~n
• †`‡ni e„w× K‡g hvq
• cv‡qi I †Vuv‡Ui is cwieZ©b nq I nuvm †Luvov‡Z _v‡K
• IRb Kg‡Z _v‡K
• nVvr c‡o nuvdv‡Z _v‡K Ges g„Zz¨ nq
wPwKrmv
G †iv‡Mi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmv †bB|
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva
• QÎvK I †gvìhy³ Lv`¨ cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e
• Lvevi cvÎ wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e
• wjUvi Av`ª©Zvgy³ ivL‡Z n‡e
• Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ QÎvK I †gvì cÖwZ‡laK Ilya e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|

nuvm cvj‡b hv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e:

AvenvIqv cwieZ©b ev nuv‡mi cvjK cvëv‡bvi mgq wWg Drcv`b K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i|
eb¨ cÖvYx †hgb- wkqvj, evMWvk, ebweovj, †ewR ev ¸Bmvc nuvm ev nuv‡mi wWg †L‡q †dj‡Z cv‡i|
b`x‡Z †Rvqvi-fvUvi †mªv‡Z nuvm `jQyU n‡Z cv‡i ev Ab¨Î †f‡m †h‡Z cv‡i|
`y‡h©v‡M ¶q¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i|

37

nuvm cvj‡bi m¤¢ve¨ ev‡RUmn jvf-ÿwZi wnmve
1. ¯’vqx m¤ú`
weeiY
nuvm cvj‡bi Rb¨ †kW ˆZwi eve`
Lv‡`¨i cU
wWg ivLvi cvÎ

cwigvY/msL¨v
01wU
10wU
20wU

UvKvi cwigvY
12000.00
700.00
300.00
13000.00

cwigvY/msL¨v
120wU
18 gvm
cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i
18 gvm
†gvU=
†gvU LiP= ¯’vqx LiP + PjwZ e¨q= 13000.00 +63800.00=76800.00

UvKvi cwigvY
4800.00
54000.00
5000.00
63800.00

†gvU=
2. PjwZ e¨q
weeiY
nuvm µq-120wU x 40.00
wgkÖ Lvevi -3000.00 x 18
†gwWwmb
wbR¯^ kÖg

3. †gvU weµq †_‡K Avq
wWg weµq †_‡K Avq-120 x 250 x 8
nuvm weµq †_‡K Avq- 300.00 x 120wU

240000.00
36000.00
†gvU= 276000.00
jvf ev gybvdv= †gvU Avq-†gvU e¨q= 276000.00-76800.00 = 199200.00

38

KeyZi cvjb
KeyZi cvjb : cÖv_wgK Z_¨
Avgv‡`i †`‡k wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi g‡a¨ KeyZi me©vwaK RbwcÖq| KviY, †ewki fvM †¶‡Î KeyZi cvjb Kiv
nq- Gi evwn¨K †mŠ›`h©MZ w`K¸‡jvi Kvi‡Y| cÖvPxbKv‡j KeyZi cvjb Kiv n‡Zv wPwV Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Kv‡R| †kvbv hvq
cÖvPxbKv‡j ivRv-ev`kvn Zv‡`i wewfbœ ai‡bi evZ©v †cÖi‡Yi Rb¨ †e‡Q wb‡Zb KeyZi‡K| G Qvov, c„w_exRy‡o
KeyZi‡K aiv nq kvwšÍi `~Z wn‡m‡e| GB Kvi‡Y, wewfbœ MVbg~jK Kv‡R ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l KeyZi‡K
LuvPvgy³ K‡i D‡Øvab Kiv nq|
me‡P‡q eo K_v, KeyZi cvjb Kivi Rb¨ AwZwi³ ev evûj¨ †Kv‡bv LiP nq bv| KeyZi‡K mn‡RB †cvl gvbv‡bv hvq|
evwoi †h‡Kv‡bv †KvY ev AvwObv A_ev evwoi Qv` wKsev Kvwb©‡ki g‡Zv †QvU ev Aí RvqMv‡ZI KeyZi cvjb Kiv hvq|
GgbwK Qv‡`i mv‡_ Szwo Szwj‡q I KeyZi cvjb Kiv hvq| GB Kvi‡Y kn‡i wK MÖv‡g A‡bK evwo‡ZB
KeyZi cvjb Kiv hvq|
KeyZ‡ii gvsm AZ¨šÍ my¯^v`y Ges ejKviK we‡klÁiv e‡jb, KeyZ‡ii gvs‡m mvaviY Ab¨vb¨ cvwLi gvs‡mi
†P‡q †cÖvwU‡bi cwigvY †ewk| d‡j Avwg‡li cvkvcvwk †cÖvwU‡bi evowZ Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ I KeyZ‡ii gvsm
LvIqv n‡q _v‡K| evwYwR¨Kfv‡e KeyZi cvjb K‡i A‡b‡KB Aí mg‡q GUv‡K jvfRbK e¨emv wn‡m‡e `uvo Kiv‡Z
†c‡i‡Qb| KeyZi mvaviYfv‡e †Rvovq †eu‡a evm K‡i| cÖwZ †Rvovq GKwU cyiæl Ges GKwU ¯¿x KeyZi _v‡K| Giv
12 †_‡K 15 eQi ch©šÍ †eu‡P _v‡K| hZ w`b †eu‡P _v‡K ZZ w`b Giv wW‡gi gva¨‡g ev”Pv cÖRbb K‡i _v‡K| wWg cvovi
ci ¯¿x I cyiæl Dfq KeyZiB ch©vqµ‡g D³ wW‡g Zv w`‡q _v‡K| KeyZ‡ii †Kv‡bv †Rvov nVvr †f‡O †M‡j †mB
†Rvov ˆZwi Ki‡Z wKQzUv †eM †c‡Z nq| bZzb †Rvov ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ ¯¿x I cyiæl KeyZi‡K GKN‡i wKQz w`b
ivL‡Z nq|

KeyZi cvj‡bi wewfbœ myweavmg~n

KeyZi cvjb Ki‡j Amyweavi †P‡q myweavi cwigvY †ewk| KeyZi cvj‡bi wewfbœ myweavmg~n D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv|

39

(1) mvaviYZ GKwU fv‡jv Rv‡Zi KeyZi eQ‡i 12 †Rvov wWg cÖ`v‡b m¶g n‡q _v‡K| GB wWg¸‡jvi cÖvq cÖwZwU †_‡KB
ev”Pv cvIqv hvq| GB ev”Pv cieZ©x 4 mßv‡ni g‡a¨B LvIqv ev wewµi Dc‡hvMx nq|
(2) M„ncvwjZ Ab¨vb¨ cvwLi g‡a¨ KeyZi‡K †cvl gvbv‡bv ev jvjb Kiv hvq|
(3) LyeB Aí RvqMvq KeyZi jvjb cvjb Kiv hvq| GgbwK †Svjv‡bv Szwo‡ZI KeyZi cvjb Kiv m¤¢e| jvjb-cvj‡b Kg
RvqMv jv‡M e‡j KeyZi †cvlvq Li‡Pi cwigvY G‡Kev‡iB Kg|
(4) †ewki fvM †¶‡Î KeyZi wb‡Ri Lvevi wb‡RB Lyu‡R wb‡q _v‡K| GB Kvi‡Y KeyZ‡ii Lvev‡ii Rb¨ evowZ hZœ ev LiP
Lye GKUv nq bv ej‡jB P‡j|
(5) KeyZ‡ii _vKvi RvqMvi Rb¨ evowZ h‡Zœi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| evwoi AvwObv ev Qv‡`i Ici Kv‡Vi Ni ˆZwi K‡i
Abvqv‡mB KeyZi cvjb Kiv hvq| cÖgvY mvB‡Ri Szwo‡Z K‡iI KeyZi cvjb Kiv hvq|
(6) GKwU c~Y©v½ eq‡mi KeyZi wWg †`evi Dc‡hvMx n‡Z 5 †_‡K 6 gvm mgq jv‡M| GB Aí mgq AwZµvšÍ nevi ci
†_‡KB KeyZi eQ‡i cÖvq 12 †Rvov wWg cÖ`v‡b m¶g| 26 †_‡K 28 w`b eq‡mB KeyZ‡ii ev”Pv Lvevi Dc‡hvMx n‡q _v‡K
ev GB ev”Pv‡K evRviRvZ Kiv hvq| mvaviYZ KeyZ‡ii ev”Pv †ivMxi c_¨ wn‡m‡eI A‡b‡K †e‡Q †bb|
(7) KeyZ‡ii wWg †_‡K gvÎ 18 w`‡bB ev”Pv mvaviY wbq‡g dz‡U _v‡K| GB ev”Pv Avevi cieZ©x 5 †_‡K 6 gvm c‡i
wb‡RivB wWg cÖ`vb ïiæ K‡i| d‡j KeyZi eskci¤civq cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g wb‡RivB evov‡Z _v‡K wb‡R‡`i msL¨v|
(8) KeyZ‡ii gvs‡mi cÖPzi Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| KviY, KeyZ‡ii gvsm LyeB my¯^v`y I ejKviK| ZvQvov, evRv‡ii Ab¨vb¨
gvs‡mi †RvMvb †_‡K KeyZi wKQzUv m¯Ív‡ZI cvIqv hvq|
GKwU Lye fv‡jv cÖRvwZi KeyZi jvjb Ki‡j cieZ©x 1 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †mB †Rvov †_‡K K‡qK †Rvov KeyZi cvIqv Lye †ewk
Avðh©RbK welq bq| GB KeyZi‡K GKwU jvfRbK e¨emv wn‡m‡e aiv †h‡Z cv‡i| KviY, KeyZi jvjb-cvj‡bi LiP Lye
GKUv †bB| GgbwK KeyZ‡ii †ivMe¨vwa Kg nq| KeyZ‡ii _vKvi RvqMv wbe©vP‡bI AwZwi³ h‡Zœi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| GB
Kvi‡Y e¨emvwqK wfwˇZ KeyZi cvjb Aek¨B jvfRbK|
avivevwnKfv‡e KeyZi Zvi eske„w× K‡i e‡j A‡b‡KB AvRKvj KeyZi cvj‡bi w`‡K Szu‡K c‡o‡Qb| gyiwMi gvs‡mi weKí
wn‡m‡e wKsev AwZw_ cvwLi weKí wn‡m‡e A‡b‡KB KeyZ‡ii gvsm †e‡Q wb‡q _v‡Kb|

KeyZi cÖwZcvjb e¨e¯’vcbv

KeyZi cÖwZcvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
KeyZi cÖwZcvjb GLb ïay kL I we‡bv`‡bi g‡a¨ mxgve× †bB eis Zv GLb GKwU jvfRbK e¨emv wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ
n‡q‡Q| KeyZi evwo I cwi‡e‡ki †mŠ›`h© e„w× Kiv QvovI Aí Li‡P Ges Aí Sv‡gjvq cÖwZcvjb Kiv hvq| KeyZ‡ii
gvsm AZ¨šÍ my¯^v`y I ejKviK wn‡m‡e m`¨ †ivMgy³ e¨w³i Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Dc‡hvMx| †ivMxi c_¨ wn‡m‡e KeyZ‡ii gvsm
e¨env‡ii cÖPjb i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡k eZ©gv‡b A‡b‡K evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ KeyZi cvjb Ki‡Qb|

KeyZi cÖwZcvj‡bi A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡

evsjv‡`‡k mvaviYZ KeyZi‡K gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv nq| KeyZ‡ii gvsm AZ¨šÍ my¯^v`y, ejKviK I †ivMxi
c_¨ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq hv mvaviY gvby‡li wbKU AwZ wcÖq|
1| b~¨bZg e¨‡q cÖwZcvjb
nuvm-gyiwMi Zzjbvq KeyZi cvjb †gv‡UI e¨qeûj bq| ¯^í cyuwR, Aí LiP I mxwgZ ¯’v‡b AwZ mn‡R KeyZi cvjb
Kiv hvq|

40

2| KeyZ‡ii Ni wbg©v‡Y b~¨bZg e¨q
MÖvgv‡j AZ¨šÍ mvaviY c×wZ‡Z cvwievwiKfv‡e KeyZi cÖwZcvjb Kiv hvq| evwoi Pv‡ji evowZ As‡k KvV ev evu‡ki Ni
ev †Lv‡ci g‡Zv K‡i w`‡j GLv‡b Avcbv Avcwb KeyZi G‡m evmv evu‡a Ges eske„w× K‡i| G‡Z †Zgb LiP †bB ej‡jB
P‡j| Gfv‡e KeyZi cÖwZcvjb K‡i A‡bK cwievi †hgb Zv‡`i cywói Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z cv‡i †Zgwb Ab¨fv‡e wbqwgZ
KeyZ‡ii ev”Pv wewµ K‡i A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i| evwYwR¨Kfv‡e KeyZi cÖwZcvj‡bI mxwgZ e¨q nq|
G‡`i N‡ii AwaKvskB KvV I euv‡ki ˆZwi n‡q _v‡K| m‡e©vcwi G Rb¨ Lye Kg RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb
nq|
3| wWg †dvUvi nvi
KeyZ‡ii †¶‡Î wWg †dvUvi nvi 98%, hv gyiwMi †¶‡Î cÖvqk 80-85% n‡q _v‡K| G‡`i wWg †dvUv‡bvi Rb¨
BbwKD‡eUi ev GRvZxq †Kv‡bv e¨qeûj h‡š¿i cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| †Rbv‡ikb weiwZ ¯^í eq‡m G‡`i cybiærcv`b ïiæ nq|
ZvB GKRb Drcv`bKvix Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ A_©‰bwZK w`K †_‡K jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i| GKwU KeyZi mvaviYZ eQ‡i
10-12 †Rvov ev”Pv †`q| wWg †_‡K ev”Pv dzU‡Z 16-18 w`b mgq jv‡M|

KeyZ‡ii RvZ

eû wewPÎ ai‡bi bvbv Rv‡Zi KeyZi i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡k 20wUiI AwaK Rv‡Zi KeyZi Av‡Q e‡j Rvbv hvq| wb‡¤œ
cÖavb K‡qKwU RvZ m¤c‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
1| †Mvjv
GB Rv‡Zi KeyZ‡ii Drcw˯’j cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`k| Avgv‡`i †`‡k G Rv‡Zi KeyZi cÖPzi †`Lv hvq Ges gvs‡mi Rb¨
GUvi h‡_ó RbwcÖqZv i‡q‡Q| N‡ii Avkcv‡k †Lvc wbg©vY Ki‡j Giv AvcbvAvcwb GLv‡b G‡m emevm K‡i| G‡`i eY©
wewfbœ †kWhy³ a~mi i‡Oi| G‡`i †Pv‡Li AvBwim Mvp jvj e‡Y©i Ges cv‡qi is jvj e‡Y©i nq|
2| †Mvjx
†Mvjv Rv‡Zi KeyZi †_‡K †Mvjx Rv‡Zi KeyZi wfbœ cÖK…wZi| G Rv‡Zi KeyZi cvwK¯Ív‡bi jv‡nvi I fvi‡Zi KjKvZvq
†ek RbwcÖq wQj| G‡`i †j‡Ri wb‡P cvLvi cvjK _v‡K| †VvuU †QvU nq Ges cv‡q †jvg _v‡K bv| G‡`i eY© mv`vi g‡a¨
wewfbœ †Qvchy³|
3| Uv¤^jvi
Gme Rv‡Zi KeyZi AvKv‡k wWMevwR Lvq e‡j G‡`i Uv¤^jvi e‡j| Avgv‡`i †`‡k GB RvZwU wMwievR bv‡g cwiwPZ|
G‡`i Drcw˯’j cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`k| g‡bvićbi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i †`‡k G‡`i h‡_ó K`i i‡q‡Q|
4| †jvUb
†jvUb KeyZi‡K †ivwjs (Rolling) KeyZiI ejv nq| wMwievR KeyZi †hgb k~‡b¨i Ici wWMevwR Lvq, †Zgb †jvUb KeyZi
gvwUi Dci wWMevwR Lvq| mv`v e‡Y©i GB KeyZ‡ii Nyiv‡bv SzuwU i‡q‡Q| G‡`i †PvL Mvp wc½j e‡Y©i Ges cv
†jvghy³|
5| jv‡nvix
Avgv‡`i †`‡k GB KeyZi wmivRx KeyZi wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G‡`i Drcw˯’j jv‡nvi| G‡`i †Pv‡Li Pviw`K †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
Mjvi m¤§yLfvM, eyK, †cU, wbZ¤^, cv I †j‡Ri cvjK m¤c~Y© mv`v nq Ges gv_v †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Mjvi wcQb w`K Ges cvLv
iwOb nq| mvaviYZ Kv‡jv, jvj, njy`, bxj I iæcvwj BZ¨vw` e‡Y©i KeyZi †`Lv hvq|
6| wKs
wKs Rv‡Zi KeyZ‡ii g‡a¨ †nvqvBU wKs Ges wmjfvi wKs Av‡gwiKvmn BD‡iv‡ci Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k we‡kl RbwcÖqZv jvf
K‡i‡Q| wKs Rv‡Zi KeyZi cÖ`k©bx Ges †¯‹vqve (Squab) ev”Pv Drcv`‡b e¨envi nq| GB Rv‡Zi KeyZi g~jZ cÖ`k©bx‡Z
e¨eüZ nq|
7| d¨vb‡Uj
GwU AwZ cÖvPxb Rv‡Zi KeyZi| d¨vb‡Uj Rv‡Zi KeyZ‡ii DrcwË fvi‡Z| G Rv‡Zi KeyZi †j‡Ri cvjK
cvLvi g‡Zv †g‡j w`‡Z cv‡i e‡j G‡`i‡K d¨vb‡Uj ejv nq| G‡`i is g~jZ mv`v Z‡e Kv‡jv, bxj I njy` e‡Y©i
d¨vb‡Uj m„wóI m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| G‡`i †j‡Ri cvjK eo nq I Ic‡ii w`‡K _v‡K| cv cvjK Øviv Ave„Z _v‡K| G
Rv‡Zi KeyZi cÖ`k©bx‡Z e¨eüZ nq Ges †`k we‡`‡k AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq|

41

8| R¨v‡Kvweb
GB KeyZ‡ii gv_vi cvjK Nvo Aewa Qov‡bv _v‡K hv we‡kl ai‡bi g¯ÍKvei‡Yi g‡Zv †`Lvq| G‡`i Drcw˯’j m¤c‡K©
mwVKfv‡e Rvbv hvq bv| Z‡e G‡`i Avw` Rb¥¯’vb fviZ e‡jB aviYv Kiv nq| GB KeyZi mvaviYZ mv`v,
jvj, njy`, bxj I iæcvwj e‡Y©i nq| G‡`i †`n †ek j¤^v‡U| †PvL gy³vi g‡Zv mv`v nq|

KeyZ‡ii cÖRbb, wWg Drcv`b I wWg dzUv‡bv

nuvm-gyiwMi g‡Zv †h †Kv‡bv g`©v KeyZi gv`x KeyZ‡ii mv‡_ mn‡R †Rvov euv‡a bv| G‡`i‡K GK mv‡_ GK mßvn ivL‡j
†Rvov euv‡a| gyiwMi b¨vq KeyZ‡ii cÖRbbZ‡š¿ wWg Drcbœ nq| Z‡e wW¤^vk‡q GKmv‡_ mvaviYZ gvÎ `ywU dwjKzj ˆZwi
nq| G Kvi‡Y cÖwZwU gv`x KeyZi `ywU wWg cv‡o| wWg cvovi 40-44 NÈv c~‡e© wW¤^öjb nq Ges wWg cvovi Kgc‡¶ 24
NÈv c~‡e© Zv wbwl³ nq| A_©vr †h 16-20 NÈv ch©šÍ wWg wW¤^bvwj‡Z _v‡K †m mg‡q Zv wbwl³ n‡q _v‡K| wWg cvovi ci
†_‡K g`©v I gv`x Dfq KeyZi ch©vqµ‡g wW‡g Zv w`‡Z ïiæ K‡i| gv`x KeyZi cÖvq we‡Kj †_‡K ïiæ K‡i c‡ii w`b mKvj
ch©šÍ wW‡g Zv †`q Ges evwK mgqUzKz A_©vr mKvj †_‡K we‡Kj ch©šÍ g`©v KeyZi Zv w`‡q _v‡K| Zv †`qvi cÂg w`‡bB
wWg cix¶v K‡i De©i ev Abye©i wWg †Pbv hvq| evwZi mvg‡b ai‡j De©i wW‡gi wfZi i³bvwj †`Lv hvq| wKš‘ Abye©i wW‡gi
†¶‡Î wW‡gi wfZi ¯^”Q †`Lv‡e| mvaviYZ wWg cvovi 17-18 w`b ci wWg dz‡U ev”Pv †ei nq| Gfv‡e GKwU gv`x KeyZi
mvaviYZ 12 gv‡m 10-12 †Rvov ev”Pv Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| R‡b¥i cÖ_g w`b †_‡K 26 w`b eqm ch©šÍ KeyZ‡ii ev”Pvi
µgea©gvb Ae¯’v _v‡K| cÖ_‡g mviv †`n njy` cvZjv e‡Y©i †jvg Øviv Ave„Z _v‡K|
GB mgq bvK I Kv‡bi wQ`ª †ek eo †`Lvq| 4-5 w`b ci ev”Pvi †PvL †Lv‡j ev dz‡U| c‡bi w`‡b mg¯Í kixi cvj‡K †Q‡q
hvq| 19-20 w`‡b `y‡Uv Wvbv Ges †jR c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i I †VuvU ¯^vfvweK nq| GBfv‡e 26-28 w`‡b
KeyZ‡ii ev”Pv c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| KeyZi mvaviYZ 20-30 eQi ch©šÍ euv‡P|

wcwRqb wgé

KeyZ‡ii Lv`¨_wj‡Z wcwRqb wgé Drcvw`Z nq| GB Lv`¨_wj‡Z `ywU Ask ev †jve (lobe) _v‡K| wW‡g Zv w`‡Z
emvi cÖvq Aóg w`b †_‡K ÔwcwRqb wgéÕ Drcv`‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ ïiæ nq|
Gw›UwiIi wcUzBUvwi MÖwš’i †cÖvj¨vKwUb (Prolac�n) ni‡gv‡bi cÖfv‡e GB ÔwcwRqb wgéÕ Drcbœ nq| G Kvi‡Y KeyZi
Qvbvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv evowZ Lvev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| KviY cÖvq 7 w`b ch©šÍ Qvbv Zvi gvZv-wcZvi KvQ †_‡K cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë
Lvevi †c‡q _v‡K| GwU‡K wcwRqb wgé ev KeyZ‡ii `ya ejv nq| wcwRqb wgé n‡jv †cŠwóK ¯Í‡ii †Kv‡li g‡a¨ Pwe©i ¸wUKv
(globules of fat) hv wcZv-gvZv Df‡qi Lv`¨_wj‡Z h‡_ó cwigv‡Y gRy` nq| wcwRqb wgé KeyZi Qvbvi Rb¨ GKwU
Av`k© Lvevi| G‡Z 70% cvwb, 17.5% Avwgl, 10% Pwe© Ges 2.5% wewfbœ LwbR c`v_© _v‡K| gvZv-wcZv Dfq KeyZ‡ii
Lv`¨ _wji Af¨šÍixY AveiY †_‡K wcwRqb wgé Drcbœ nq| KeyZ‡ii wRnŸv j¤^v I miæ| gyL MnŸ‡ii wb‡Pi Ask †ek cÖk¯Í
nq hv Qvbv‡K LvIqv‡bvi Dc‡hvMx| gvZv I wcZv KeyZi Qvbvi gy‡Li g‡a¨ gyL cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q Lvevi mivmwi Abœbvwj‡Z
†cuŠ‡Q †`q|

KeyZ‡ii Ni

Avgv‡`i †`‡k we‡klZ MÖv‡g wUb ev L‡oi Pvjv N‡ii Kvwb©‡k gvwUi nuvwo A_ev wUb †eu‡a †i‡L KeyZi cvj‡bi e¨e¯’v
Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GQvov Kv‡Vi ˆZwi †QvU †QvU †Lvc ˆZwi K‡iI KeyZi cvjv n‡q _v‡K| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv, K‡qK
†Rvov KeyZ‡ii Ni K‡i GK †Rvov KeyZi cvjb Ki‡j K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨ evwK Ni¸‡jv‡Z bZzb †Rvov KeyZi G‡m
evmv euv‡a| KeyZi †cvlv Lye mnR I jvfRbK Zv ejvB evûj¨| Aí cwim‡i hv evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ KeyZi cvj‡bi
Rb¨ Aek¨B mycwiKwíZ e¨e¯’v _vKv evÃbxq| wb‡¤œ KeyZ‡ii Ni ev †Lvc ˆZwii we‡kl e¨e¯’vmg~n Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡jv|
¯’vb wbe©vPb : KeyZ‡ii Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ DuPz I ﮋ mgZj f‚wg _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
N‡ii D”PZv : KzKzi, weovj, Bu`yi, †ewR BZ¨vw` †hb KeyZ‡ii Ni bvMv‡j bv cvq, †mw`‡K j¶ †i‡L Ni DuPz Ki‡Z
nq| G D‡Ï‡k¨ KvV ev euv‡ki LyuwU cyu‡Z Zvi Ici Ni wbg©vY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
N‡ii cwimi: cÖwZ GK †Rvov KeyZ‡ii Rb¨ GKwU Ni _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| GK †Rvov KeyZi hv‡Z N‡ii wfZi ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ Nyi‡Z
wdi‡Z cv‡i, Zv j¶¨ †i‡L Ni wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e|

42

¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z e¨e¯’v: KeyZ‡ii Ni ev †Lvc Ggbfv‡e wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e †hb †mLv‡b †cvKvgvKo, K…wg, RxevYy BZ¨vw`i Dc`ªe
Kg _v‡K Ges Ni mn‡RB cwi®‹vi I RxevYygy³ Kiv hvq|
m~h©v‡jvK : N‡i hv‡Z m~‡h©i ch©vß Av‡jv cÖ‡ek K‡i †mw`‡K j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e| KviY, m~‡h©i Av‡jv †hgb cvwLi †`‡n
wfUvwgb-wW m„wó‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †Zgwb cwi‡ekI RxevYygy³ iv‡L|
evqy PjvPj : KeyZ‡ii N‡i ch©vß evqy PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e| KviY, `~wlZ evZvm ev ch©vß Av‡jv evZv‡mi Afv‡e
cvwLi ¯^v¯’¨nvwb NU‡Z cv‡i|

KeyZ‡ii Lv`¨

nuvm-gyiwMi b¨vq KeyZ‡ii Lv‡`¨ †k¦Zmvi, Pwe©, Avwgl, LwbR I wfUvwgb cÖf…wZ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| KeyZi Zvi †`‡ni
cÖ‡qvRb Ges AvKvi Abyhvqx Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZwU KeyZi ˆ`wbK 30-50 MÖvg ch©šÍ Lvevi MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
KeyZi cÖavbZ Mg, gUi, †Lmvwi, fzÆv, mwilv, he, Pvj, avb, KjvB BZ¨vw` km¨`vbv †L‡q _v‡K| gy³ Ae¯’vq cvwjZ
KeyZ‡ii Rb¨ mKvj-we‡Kj gv_vwcQz Ava gyV km¨`vbv wbw`©ó cv‡Î †i‡L w`‡j cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv Zviv †L‡Z cvi‡e|
evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ KeyZi Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ wb‡¤œ cÖ`Ë Lv`¨ wgkªY e¨envi Kiv DËg|
Lv`¨ Dcv`vb cwigvY (%)
fzÆv
gUi
Mg
wSby‡Ki ¸uov/Pzbvcv_i P‚Y©/Aw¯’P‚Y©
wfUvwgb/GgvB‡bv GwmW wcÖwg·
jeY
†gvU

35
20
30
07
07
01
= 100

KeyZ‡ii Lv`¨ ZvwjKv
GB mv‡_ KeyZ‡ii Rb¨ weï× cvwbi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| GK cv‡Î KeyZ‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Lvevi I Ab¨ cv‡Î
cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv cwi®‹vi I weï× VvÛv cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e|
KeyZ‡ii kvixie„wËK Z_¨vw`
†`‡ni ZvcgvÎv = 38.8-400 †m
ˆ`wnK IRb = (K) nvjKv RvZ t 400-450 MÖvg
(L) fvix RvZt 450-500 MÖvg
cvwb cvb = (K) kxZKvj t 30-60 wgwj cÖwZw`b
(L) MÖx®§Kvj t 60-100 wgwj cÖwZw`b
Lv`¨ MÖnY = 30-60 MÖvg cÖwZw`b (Mo)
wWg dzUv‡bvi mgqKvj = 17-18 w`b|

43

KeyZ‡ii ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †iv‡Mi j¶Y, wPwKrmv I cÖwZ‡iva
†iv‡Mi bvg : mvj‡g‡b‡jvwmm/ c¨vivUB‡dvwmm
KviY : mvj‡gv‡bjv UvBwdwgDwiqvg
j¶Y : †kø®§vhy³ AvVv‡jv, †dbv I `yM©Ühy³ Wvqwiqv †`Lv †`q| †`n µgvMZ ïwK‡q hvq| fvimvg¨ nxbZv I c¶vNvZ
cwijw¶Z nq|
wPwKrmv : Gw›Uev‡qvwUK †mbwmwUwfwU †U÷ K‡i mwVK Gw›Uev‡qvwUK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| GKB mv‡_ wfUvwgbm I wgbv‡ijm
LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZ‡iva
1| Rxe wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
2| wUKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†iv‡Mi bvg : cvmwUD‡ijv gvj‡UvwmWv
†iv‡Mi KviY : cvmwUD‡ijv gvj‡UvwmWv
j¶Y : Wvqwiqv, R¡i (82-83 wWwMÖ C) †Kv‡bv j¶Y e¨ZxZ 24-48 NÈvi g‡a¨ KeyZi gviv hvq
wPwKrmv : Gw›Uev‡qvwUK †mbwmwUwfwU †U÷ K‡i mwVK Gw›Uev‡qvwUK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| GKB mv‡_ wfUvwgbm I wgbv‡ijm
LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZ‡iva :
1| Rxe wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
2| wUKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†iv‡Mi bvg : KivBRv A_ev AvDjÕm †nW
†iv‡Mi KviY : †n‡gvwdjvm Bbd¬y‡qÄv
j¶Y : mw`©, †Pv‡Li cvZvØq dz‡j †cuPvi gv_vi b¨vq †`Lvq, Aw¶wSwjø cÖ`v‡ni d‡j †PvL w`‡q (muco-purulent) c`v_©
wbM©Z nq|
wPwKrmv: Gw›Uev‡qvwUK †mbwmwUwfwU †U÷ K‡i mwVK Gw›Uev‡qvwUK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| GB mv‡_ wfUvwgbm I wgbv‡ijm
LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZ‡iva
1| Rxe wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
2| wUKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†iv‡Mi bvg : gvB‡KvcøvR‡gvwmm
†iv‡Mi KviY : †gvB‡KvcøvRgv Kjvw¤^bvg
j¶Y : mw`©, †PvL I bvK w`‡q cÖ_‡g cvwb Ges c‡i muco-purulent c`v_© wbM©Z nq| gyL I KÚ AZ¨waK cÖ`v‡n ùxZ _v‡K
Ges `yM©Ü m„wó nq| k¦vmKó nq|
wPwKrmv : wUqvgywjb, UvB‡jvwmb Gb‡ivd¬yw·b, ¯cvBivgvBwmb, wjb‡KvgvBwmb MÖæ‡ci Ilya
cÖwZ‡iva
1| Rxe wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
2| wUKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†iv‡Mi bvg : K¬¨vgvBwWIwmm A_ev Aiwb‡_vwmm
†iv‡Mi KviY : K¬¨vgvBwWqv wmUvwm
j¶Y : †PvL I bvK w`‡q cvwb c‡o, ¯^v¯’¨nvwb N‡U Ges †ivM †fv‡Mi ci gviv hvq
wPwKrmv : †K¬vi‡UUªvmvBwK¬b, UvB‡jvwmb, wjb‡KvgvBwmb, ¯cvBivgvBwmb BZ¨vw`

44

cÖwZ‡iva
1| Rxe wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
2| wUKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†iv‡Mi bvg : wbDK¨vmj A_ev c¨vivwg‡·v fvBivm-1
†iv‡Mi KviY : c¨vivwg‡·v fvBivm UvBc-1
j¶Y : meyR i‡Oi Wvqwiqv, k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡m Kó, gyL nuv K‡i k¦vm-cÖk¦vm MÖnY K‡i| fvimvg¨nxbZv, gv_v
†Nviv, cvLv I cv‡qi c¶vNvZ BZ¨vw`|
wPwKrmv: Gw›Uev‡qvwUK, GgvB‡bv GwmW, wfUvwgb, BwgD‡bv w÷gy‡jUi
cÖwZ‡iva: ˆRe wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e; wUKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†iv‡Mi bvg : wWd‡_‡iv ¯§j c· (emšÍ †ivM)
†iv‡Mi KviY : †ev‡iwjqv Kjv¤^ix fvBivm
j¶Y : cvjKnxb Z¡K we‡kl K‡i †PvL, †Vuv‡Ui Pvicv‡k Ges cv‡q ¶Z ev c· †`Lv hvq
wPwKrmv : Gw›Uev‡qvwUK, GgvB‡bv GwmW, wfUvwgb G Ges wm, BwgD‡bv w÷gy‡jUi, UwcK¨vj AvBIwWb
cÖwZ‡iva: ˆRe wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
†iv‡Mi bvg : ciRxex †ivM
†iv‡Mi KviY : AvB‡gwiqv, GmKvwim, K¨vwcjvwiqv, UªvB‡Kv‡gvbv
j¶Y : `ye©jZv, Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y Abxnv, ïwK‡q hvIqv, Wvqwiqv (g‡j i³ _v‡K KKwmwWqv), cywónxbZv I
Ae‡k‡l g„Zz¨ N‡U|
wPwKrmv : K…wgbvkK, wfUvwgb I wgbv‡ij wcÖwg·, GgvB‡bv GwmW
cÖwZ‡iva: ˆRe wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|

AcywóRwbZ I wecvwKq †ivMmg~n
†iv‡Mi bvg : wfUvwgb G Gi NvUwZ
j¶Y : †`‡n ¶Z nq, `„wókw³ nªvm cvq Ges Aw¶wSwjøi cÖ`vn †`Lv †`q, ¶zav K‡g hvq, ˆ`wnK e„w×
I cvj‡Ki MVb e¨vnZ nq, Drcv`b I n¨vPvwewjwU nªvm cvq
wPwKrmv : 200 AvB BD cÖwZw`‡bi cÖ‡qvRb
cÖwZ‡iva : wbqwgZ wfUvwgb, wcÖwg· I wgbv‡ij cÖ`vb A_ev wfUvwgb G mg„× Lv`¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†iv‡Mi bvg : wfUvwgb wW Gi NvUwZ
j¶Y : Aw¯’ big I euvKv n‡q hvq, wWg Drcv`b I n¨vPvwewjwU nªvm cvq, wW‡gi †Lvjm cvZjv nq|
wPwKrmv : 45 AvB BD cÖwZw`‡bi cÖ‡qvRb
cÖwZ‡iva : wfUvwgb wW I wgbv‡ij wcÖwg· cÖ`vb, wfUvwgb wW mg„× Lvevi (KW wjfvi A‡qj, wdk wgj)
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†iv‡Mi bvg : wfUvwgb B Gi NvUwZ
j¶Y : Gb‡mdv‡jvg¨vjvwKqv †ivM nq, c¶vNv‡Zi d‡j Pj‡Z Am½wZ †`Lv †`q| eyK I †c‡Ui wb‡P
Zij c`v_© R‡g, BwWgv nq| wW‡gi De©iZv K‡g hvq|
wPwKrmv : 1 wgMÖv †mwjwbqvg mn wfUvwgb B cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| wfUvwgb B mg„× Lvevi (km¨ `vbv, Mg, Pv‡ji
Kzuov, ïuUwK gvQ) LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

45

†iv‡Mi bvg : wfUvwgb †K Gi NvUwZ
j¶Y : i³¶i‡Yi Kvi‡Y i³k~b¨Zv †`Lv †`q|
wPwKrmv : wfUvwgb †K wcÖwg· I wgbv‡ij cÖ`vb| wfUvwgb †K mg„× Lv`¨ cÖ`vb (meyR kvKmewR I gv‡Qi ¸uov)|
†iv‡Mi bvg : wfUvwgb we1 Gi NvUwZ
j¶Y : cv, Wvbv I Nv‡o c¶vNvZ nq| Nv‡oi c¶vNv‡Zi d‡j Nvo †cQb w`‡K K‡i AvKv‡ki w`‡K gyL
K‡i _v‡K, Pj‡b Am½wZ cwijw¶Z nq|
wPwKrmv : 0.1 wgMÖv wfUvwgb we1 mg„× wcÖwg· I wgbv‡ij cÖ`vb (Pv‡ji Kuzov, M‡gi ¸uov, kvKmewR)
†iv‡Mi bvg : wfUvwgb we2 Gi NvUwZ
j¶Y : Qvbvi cv c¶vNvZMÖ¯Í nq| c‡i bL ev AvOzj euvKv n‡q hvq| Qvbvi ˆ`wnK e„w× e¨vnZ nq|
wPwKrmv : 0.12 wgMÖ wfUvwgb we2 mg„× wcÖwg· I wgbv‡ij (meyR kvKmewR, †Qvjv, ˆLj, Avjdv-Avjdv, C÷)
†iv‡Mi bvg : wfUvwgb we6 Gi NvUwZ
j¶Y : ¶zavgv›`¨ †`Lv †`q| Qvbvi e„w× e¨vnZ nq| c¨vivjvBwmm I †c‡ivwmm n‡Z cv‡i|
wPwKrmv : 0.12 wgMÖv wfUvwgb we6 mg„× wcÖwg· I wgbv‡ij (km¨, gv‡Qi ¸uov, Avjdv-Avjdv, C÷ BZ¨vw`)
†iv‡Mi bvg : wfUvwgb we12 Gi NvUwZ
j¶Y : e„w× e¨vnZ nq I i³k~b¨Zv †`Lv †`q, wW‡gi De©iZv nªvm cvq|
wPwKrmv : 0.24 wgMÖv wfUvwgb we12 mg„× wcÖwg· I wgbv‡ij cÖ`vb| wfUvwgb we12 mg„× Lv`¨ cÖ`vb (hK…r, gvsm
wdk wgj BZ¨vw`)
†iv‡Mi bvg : dwjK Gwm‡Wi NvUwZ
j¶Y : i³k~b¨Zv †`Lv †`q| e„w× e¨vnZ nq I cvjK Kg MRvq|
wPwKrmv: 0.014 wgMÖv dwjK GwmW mg„× wcÖwg· I mv‡_ g¨v½vwbR (mn) cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| dwjK GwmW mg„× Lv`¨
cÖ`vb (hK…r, C÷)
†iv‡Mi bvg : g¨vb‡Uv‡_wbK GwmW Gi NvUwZ
j¶Y : e„w× e¨vnZ nq I Pg©‡ivM nq| cv I †Pv‡Li Pvicv‡k †b‡µvwmm nq| wW‡gi De©iZv nªvm|
wPwKrmv : 0.36 wgMÖv c¨vb‡Uv‡_wbK GwmW mg„× wfUvwgb cÖ`vb (Pxbvev`vg, Av‡Li ¸o, C÷, Pv‡ji Kuzov, M‡gi fywl
BZ¨vw`)

Avq I jvf (e¨emvwqK m¤¢vebv)

GK †Rvov KeyZi †_‡K eQ‡i cÖvq 12 †Rvov ev”Pv evRv‡i Pov `v‡g wewµ nq| GQvov wewfbœ cÖRvwZi †mŠwLb KeyZi
Drcv`b Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zv †_‡K h‡_ó A_© DcvR©b Kiv hvq| KeyZi mvaviYZ 4 mßvn eq‡m wewµi Dchy³
nq| G‡`i cvjK I weôv wewµ K‡iI A_© †ivRMvi Kiv hvq|
KeyZ‡ii mvaviYZ gyiwMi †_‡K †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv †ewk| GK †Rvov KeyZ‡ii Mo Drcv`b ¶gZv 5-12 eQi A_P
†mLv‡b gyiwMi gvÎv 1-2 eQi n‡q _v‡K| G mg¯Í w`K we‡ePbv K‡i GUv mn‡RB ejv hvq †h KeyZi cvjb GKwU AZ¨šÍ
jvfRbK e¨emv| gyiwMi b¨vq hw` KeyZi‡K cvwievwiK wfwˇZ e¨vcKfv‡e cvjb Kiv hvq, Zvn‡j †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK
Kg©KvÛ A‡bK †ewk my`„p n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| Aek¨ GB D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiKwíZfv‡e cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|
G Rb¨ miKvwi I †emiKvwi ch©v‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM †bqv we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb|

46

UvwK© cvjb I e¨e¯’vcbv
UvwK© wK?

UvwK© †gwjqvwMÖm cwiev‡ii AšÍfz©³ GK ai‡bi eo cvwL| GKmg‡qi UvwK© eb¨ cvwL n‡jI GLb Zv M„‡n ev dv‡g© cvwjZ eo
AvKv‡ii cvwL| ev”Pv Ae¯’vq G¸‡jv †`L‡Z gyiwMi ev”Pvi g‡Zv| we‡k¦i me©Î UvwK© M„ncvwjZ cvwL iƒ‡c jvjb-cvjb Kiv
nq|

†Kv_v n‡Z UvwK© G‡jv

hLb BD‡ivcxqiv cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv UvwK©‡K Av‡gwiKvq †`L‡Z †c‡qwQj, ZLb Zviv fzjekZ fvej †h cvwLwU GK ai‡bi
wMwbqv gyiwM (bywgWv †gwjqvwMÖm)| cieZ©xKv‡j Zviv Zzi¯‹ †`k †_‡K ga¨ BD‡iv‡c cvwLwU‡K wb‡q Av‡m| wMwbqv gyiwM ev
wMwbqv dvDj‡K UvwK© dvDj bv‡gI WvKv nq| ZvB Zzi¯‹ †`‡ki bvgvbymv‡i DËi Av‡gwiKvi cvwLwUi bvgKiY Kiv nq
UvwK©|
c„w_exi †Kvb †Kvb †`‡k UvwK© cvIqv hvq GwU cÖ_g M„‡n cvjb ïiæ nq DËi Av‡gwiKvq| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b BD‡ivcmn c„w_exi
cÖvq me †`‡k GB cvwL Kg-†ewk cvjb Kiv nq| we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k UvwK© cvwLi gvsm †ek RbwcÖq| UvwK© eZ©gv‡b gvs‡mi
†cÖvwU‡bi Pvwn`v wgwU‡q A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`vb ivL‡Q| Gi gvs‡m †cÖvwUb †ewk, Pwe© Kg Ges Ab¨vb¨ cvwLi gvs‡mi †P‡q †ewk
cywóKi| cwðgv †`kmg~‡n UvwK© fxlY RbwcÖq| ZvB me‡P‡q †ewk UvwK© cvjb nq gvwK©b hy³ivóª, KvbvWv, Rvg©vwb, d«vÝ,
BZvwj, †b`vij¨vÛm, hy³ivR¨, †cvj¨v‡Û, eªvwR‡j| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡kI GLb e¨w³ D‡`¨v‡M UvwK© Pvl ïiæ n‡q‡Q| ˆZwi
n‡q‡Q †QvU-gvSvwi A‡bK Lvgvi| B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv Avi mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMgva¨‡gi e‡`Šj‡Z †eKvi hyeK‡`i A‡b‡KB
UvwK© cvj‡b AvnMÖx n‡q D‡V‡Qb| wKQz wKQz Lvgvi †_‡K UvwK©i gvsm we‡`‡k ißvwbi †Póv Pj‡Q| AwP‡iB G cvwLi gvsm
ißvwb A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`vb ivL‡e aviYv Kiv n‡”Q|

47

†Kb UvwK© cvwL cvjb RbwcÖq n‡”Q

1| UvwK©i gvsm my¯^v`y Ges gvsm Drcv`b ¶gZvI e¨vcK|
2| GUv Sv‡gjvnxbfv‡e †`wk gyiwMi g‡Zv cvjb Kiv hvq|
3| UvwK© cvwL eªqjvi gyiwMi †P‡q `ªæZ ev‡o|
4| UvwK© cvj‡b Zzjbvg~jK LiP A‡bK Kg, KviY Giv `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i cvkvcvwk kvK, Nvm, jZvcvZv †L‡ZI cQ›` K‡i|
5| UvwK©i gvs‡m †cÖvwU‡bi cwigvY †ewk, Pwe© Kg| ZvB Miæ wKsev Lvwmi gvs‡mi weKí n‡Z cv‡i G cvwLi gvsm|
6| UvwK©i gvs‡m AwaK cwigvY wRsK, †jŠn, cUvwkqvg, we6 I dmdivm _v‡K| G Dcv`vb¸‡jv gvbe kix‡ii
Rb¨ fxlY DcKvix Ges wbqwgZ GB gvsm †L‡j †Kv‡j‡÷ij K‡g hvq|
7| UvwK©i gvs‡m GgvB‡bv GwmW I wUªc‡Uv‡db AwaK cwigv‡Y _vKvq Gi gvsm †L‡j kix‡ii †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv evovq|
8| UvwK©i gvs‡m wfUvwgb B AwaK cwigv‡Y _v‡K|
9| UvwK© †`L‡Z my›`i, ZvB evwoi †kvfv ea©b K‡i|

GK bR‡i UvwK©

1| wWg †`qv ïiæi eqm 30 mßvn|
2| cyiæl I ¯¿xi AbycvZ 1 t 4 A_ev 1 t 5 _vK‡jB P‡j|
3| eQ‡i M‡o 80 †_‡K 100wU wWg †`q|
4| wWg dz‡U ev”Pv †ei nq 28 w`‡b|
5| 20 mßv‡n cyiæl cvwLi Mo IRb nq 6-7 †KwR Ges ¯¿x cvwLi 3-4 †KwR|
6| 14 †_‡K 15 mßv‡nB cyiæl cvwLi evRviRvZKi‡Yi mwVK mgq| Avi ¯¿x cvwLi 17-18 mßvn|
c~Y©v½ cyiæl RvZxq UvwK©i gv_v b¨vov _v‡K| mvaviYZ Gi gv_v D¾¡j jvj i‡Oi nq| KL‡bv KL‡bv mv`v wKsev D¾¡j
bxjvf i‡OiI n‡q _v‡K| cyiæl UvwK© cvwL Mejvi ev Ug bv‡gI cwiwPZ| G¸‡jv M‡o j¤^vq 130 †m.wg. ev 50 Bw nq|
MocoZv IRb 10 †KwR ev 22 cvDÛ n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ ¯¿x RvZxq UvwK© mvaviYZ cyiæl cvwLi Zzjbvq
IR‡b A‡a©K nq| eb¨ UvwK© AvZ¥i¶v‡_© `ªæZ †`Šwo‡q Mv XvKv †`q| wKš‘ GwU ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ Do‡Z cv‡i|

wWg Drcv`b

mvaviYZ 30 mßvn eqm †_‡K UvwK© wWg †`qv ïiæ K‡i| cÖwZwU ¯¿x RvZxq UvwK© cÖwZev‡i 8 †_‡K 15wU †QvU †QvU `v‡Mi
ev`vwg eY©vK…wZi wWg cv‡o| wW‡gi AvKvi Avgv‡`i †`‡ki nuv‡mi wW‡gi AvK…wZi n‡q _v‡K| 28 w`b AšÍi wWg dz‡U ev”Pv
UvwK© Rb¥vq| cÖ‡qvRbxq Av‡jv evZvm, cwi®‹vi cvwb Ges Lvevi mieivn Kiv n‡j eQ‡i 80-100
wWg w`‡q _v‡K| 60-70 kZvsk UvwK© gyiwM we‡Kj †ejvq wWg †`q|

UvwK© jvjb-cvjb †kW

wUb, Qb, L‡oi Qv` †`qv Ni ev KbwµU `vjv‡b UvwK© cvwL cvjb Kiv hvq| UvwK© cvwL gy³ Ae¯’vq I Ave× Ae¯’vq
cvjb Kiv hvq|

GKwU UvwK©i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMvi ZvwjKv wb‡P †`qv n‡jv
eqm

RvqMv (e.dz)

Lv‡`¨i cvÎ (†m.wg.)

cvwbi cvÎ (†m.wg.)

0-4 mßvn
5-16 mßvn
16-19 mßvn
cÖRbb¶g

1.25 e.dz
2.5 e.dz
4.0 e.dz
5.0 e.dz

2.5 †m.wg.
5.0 †m.wg.
6.5 †m.wg.
7.5 †m.wg.

1.5 †m.wg.
2.5 †m.wg.
2.5 †m.wg.
2.5 †m.wg.

48

wjUvi e¨e¯’vcbv

GB c×wZ‡Z UvwK©i Rb¨ mnRjf¨ `ªe¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq| †hgb bvi‡K‡ji †Qveov, c~Y© Zzl (†Kv‡bvfv‡eB av‡bi Kuyov bq)|
cÖ_‡g 2-3 Bw cyiæ wjUvi ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| c‡i Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Av‡iv Dcv`vb †hvM K‡i 3 †_‡K 4 Bw Ki‡j fv‡jv nq|
wjUv‡i me mgq ïK‡bv `ªe¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| wfRv wjUvi Zz‡j †mLv‡b Avevi ïK‡bv wjUvi
w`‡q c~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e|

UvwK©i Lvevi

eb¨ UvwK© mvaviYZ ebf‚wg‡Z cvwbi KvQvKvwQ GjvKvq _vK‡ZB †ewk cQ›` K‡i| dm‡ji exR, †cvKvgvKo Ges gv‡S
gv‡S e¨vO wKsev wUKwUwK †L‡qI Giv RxebaviY K‡i| M„ncvwjZ ev Lvgv‡i hviv UvwK© cvjb Ki‡Qb, Zviv
†gvU Lvev‡ii 50 fvM meyR Nvm, kvK (cvjs, mwilv, Kjwg, †n‡jÂv, meyR WuvUv, KPzwicvbv †`‡eb| GKwU
c~Y© eq¯‹ UvwK©i w`‡b 140-150 MÖvg Lvevi `iKvi nq| †hLv‡b 4400- 4500 K¨vjwi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov
eqjvi ev †jqvi gyiwMi LveviI Giv †L‡q _v‡K|
mZK©Zv : kv‡K A‡bK mgq wKUbvkK _v‡K| ZvB kvK †`qvi Av‡M G¸‡jv GK NÈv cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
Zvici Zv †K‡U LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
UvwK©i Lvevi mieiv‡ni Rb¨ `ywU c×wZ e¨envi Kiv hvq| †hgb g¨vk wdwWs I wc‡jU wdwWs|

GKwU Av`©k Lv`¨ ZvwjKv wb‡P †`qv n‡jv:
avb
Mg
fzÆv
mqvweb wgj
Nv‡mi exR
m~h©gyLx exR
wSbyK ¸uov
†gvU =

20%
20%
25%
10%
8%
10%
7%
100%

mZK©Zv
Ab¨vb¨ cvwLi Zzjbvq UvwK©i Rb¨ †ewk wfUvwgb, †cÖvwUb, Avwgl, wgbv‡ijm w`‡Z nq| †Kv‡bvfv‡eB gvwU‡Z Lvevi
mieivn Kiv hv‡e bv| me mgq cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡Z n‡e|
cÖRbb e¨e¯’v
GKwU eo UvwK© cvwLi Rb¨ 4-5 eM©dzU RvqMv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| N‡i ch©vß Av‡jv I evZv‡mi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| Ni
cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e| GKwU †gvi‡Mi m‡½ 3 ev 4wU gyiwM ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i| wWg msMÖn K‡i Avjv`v RvqMvq
ivL‡Z n‡e| wWg cÖ`vbKvjxb UvwK©‡K Av`©k Lvevi Ges †ewk cvwb w`‡Z n‡e|
ev”Pv dzUv‡bv
UvwK© wb‡RB wW‡g Zv w`‡q ev”Pv †dvUvq| Z‡e †`wk gyiwM A_ev BbwKD‡eUi w`‡q ev”Pv dzUv‡j dj fv‡jv cvIqv hvq|
ZvQvov ev”Pv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ mgq bó bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y UvwK©I wWg Drcv`b †ewk K‡i|

49

†ivMevjvB
c·, mvj‡gv‡b‡jvwmm, K‡jiv, ivbx‡¶Z gvBUm I Gwfqvb Bbd¬y‡qÄv †ewk †`Lv hvq| cwi‡ek I Lvgvi Ae¨e¯’vcbvi
Kvi‡Y A‡bK †ivM msµgY n‡Z cv‡i|
wUKv cÖ`vb
1g w`b
4 I 5 mßv‡n
6 mßv‡n
8-10 mßv‡n

Gb wW (we 1 †÷‡iBb)
dvDj c·
Gb wW
dvDj K‡jiv

mZK©Zv
†Kv‡bv Ae¯’vq †ivMvµvšÍ cvwL‡K wUKv †`qv hv‡e bv| wUKv cÖ‡qvM Kivi c~‡e© wUKvi Mv‡q †`qv ZvwiL †`‡L wb‡eb|
†gqv` DËxY© wUKv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb bv| GQvov wbqggvwdK, cwi”Qbœ Lv`¨ I Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g A‡bK
†ivMevjvB Gwo‡q Pjv m¤¢e|

Avgv‡`i †`‡k evRvi m¤¢vebv
UvwK©i gvsm cywóKi I my¯^v`y nIqvq GwU Lv`¨ZvwjKvi GKwU Av`k© gvsm n‡Z cv‡i| cvkvcvwk †`‡ki e„nËi Rb‡Mvôxi
gvs‡mi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| hv‡`i AwZwi³ Pwe©hy³ gvsm LvIqv wb‡la A_ev hviv wb‡RivB Gwo‡q
P‡jb, wKsev hviv Miæ/Lvwmi gvsm Lvq bv, UvwK© Zv‡`i Rb¨ n‡Z cv‡i wcÖq GKwU weKí| ZvQvov we‡q, eD-fvZ,
Rb¥w`bmn wewfbœ Abyôv‡b Lvwmi/Miæi gvs‡mi weKí wn‡m‡e UvwK©i gvsm n‡Z cv‡i AwZ DrK…ó GKwU Lvevi Ges
Miæ/Lvwmi Zzjbvq LiPI n‡e Kg| evwYwR¨K Lvgvi Ki‡j Ges gvsm wn‡m‡e Drcv`b Ki‡Z PvB‡j 14/15 mßv‡n GKwU
UvwK©i Mo IRb n‡e 5/6 †KwR| 400 UvKv †KwR `i wnmve Ki‡j GKwU UvwK©i weµq g~j¨ `uvov‡e 2000/2500 UvKv|
14/15 mßvn cvjb Ki‡Z m‡e©v”P LiP co‡e 1200 †_‡K 1500 UvKv| Zvn‡j Kgc‡¶ GKwU UvwK© †_‡K 500 UvKv jvf
Kiv m¤¢e| eZ©gv‡b †QvU AvKv‡ii Lvgvi Kivi †h Pvwn`v †`ke¨vcx ˆZwi n‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z AvMvgx 3/4 eQ‡i K‡qK jvL UvwK©i
cÖ‡qvRb n‡e Ges †m‡¶‡Î `vgI †ewk cvIqv hv‡”Q| 3000 †_‡K 10000 UvKv ch©šÍ eqm I is‡f‡` UvwK©i †Rvov
†Kbv‡ePv Pj‡Q|

50

e¨emv cwiKíbv (QK)

µwgK
bs

KvR/weeiY

†Kv_vq

KLb

wKfv‡e

†K Ki‡e

m¤¢ve¨
ev‡RU

51

Strengthening Women’s Ability for Produc�ve New Opportuni�es (SWAPNO)
Drcv`bkxj I m¤¢vebvgq K‡g©i my‡hvM MÖn‡Y bvixi mvg_©¨ Dbœqb cÖKí

nuvm-gyiwM I KeyZi cvjb cÖwkÿY

cÖwkÿYv_x©‡`i `¶Zv g~j¨vqb dig (cÖwkÿK c~iY Ki‡eb)
cÖwkÿYv_x©i bvg------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------cÖwkÿ‡Ki bvg--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------cÖwkÿY ¯’vb -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------cÖwkÿY †gqv`Kvj
cvidig¨vÝ †U‡÷i ZvwiL
Performance rating (gvb eÈb)

Lye fv‡jv (80-100), fv‡jv (80- 60), †gvUvgywU (59-40) `ye©j (40 Gi wb‡P)

AbyMÖn K‡i e‡· mwVK b¤^i w`b|
1. nuvm-gyiwM cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ 05
2. nuvm-gyiwMi me ai‡bi †iv‡Mi DcmM©mg~n wPwýZKiY 10
3. nuvm-gyiwMi wUKv`vb I †ivMwbqš¿Y m¤ú‡K© ey‡S‡Qb 10
4. nuvm-gyiwMi †iv‡Mi mwVK Ilyamg~n wPwýZKiY 10
5. wUKv`v‡bi wbivc` e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© ey‡S‡Qb I AbymiY K‡i‡Qb 10
6. KeyZi I UvwK© cvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ej‡Z †c‡i‡Qb 5
7. KeyZi I UvwK©i †ivM I cÖwZKvi m¤c‡K© ej‡Z †c‡i‡Qb 10
8. nuvm-gyiwM e¨emvi evRvi wPwýZKi‡Yi welq¸‡jv ej‡Z †c‡i‡Qb 10
9. nuvm-gyiwM e¨emvi jvfÿwZi mnR wnmve Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb 10
10. nuvm-gyiwM cvj‡b wbivcËv wel‡qi welq¸‡jv ej‡Z †c‡i‡Qb 10
cÖwkÿYv_©x mdjfv‡e `¶Zv Dbœqbg~jK cÖwkÿY †kl K‡i‡Qb Ges KvwiMwifv‡e DËxY©/AbyËxY© (mwVK ¯’v‡b wUK wPý w`b)|

------------------------------------cÖwkÿ‡Ki bvg I ¯^v¶i

52

-------------------------------ZvwiL

53

cÖwk¶Y Kg©m~wP g~j¨vqb dg©

†÷ªs‡`wbs DB‡gbm& GwewjwU di †cÖvWvw±f wbD AciPzwbwUm& (¯^cœ) cÖKí

SWAPNO

Strengthening Women’s Ability for Produc ve New Opportuni es Project
Project Office:
Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) Bhaban
8th floor, Kakrail, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

www.swapno-bd.org